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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/18%3A_Nitrogen_-_Amino_Acid_Catabolism/18.05%3A_Pathways_of_Amino_Acid_DegradationThe page provides an in-depth overview and analysis of amino acid degradation, focusing on pathways and mechanisms involved. It discusses the significance of amino acid catabolism in energy production...The page provides an in-depth overview and analysis of amino acid degradation, focusing on pathways and mechanisms involved. It discusses the significance of amino acid catabolism in energy production, nitrogen balance, regulation, and physiological implications. Key points include distinguishing glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids, integration into central metabolism, enzymes involved, and the regulation of catabolic pathways under varying metabolic states.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/15%3A_Glucose_Glycogen_and_Their_Metabolic_Regulation/15.02%3A_GlycogenesisThe page provides a detailed exploration of glycogenesis ??? the process of glycogen formation. It covers the roles and mechanisms of key enzymes involved, such as glycogen synthase, UDP-glucose pyrop...The page provides a detailed exploration of glycogenesis ??? the process of glycogen formation. It covers the roles and mechanisms of key enzymes involved, such as glycogen synthase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, glycogenin, and the glycogen branching enzyme, emphasizing their regulatory interactions and structural dynamics.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/29%3A_Integration_of_Mammalian_Metabolism_-_Capstone_Volume_II/29.05%3A_Intestinal_Fructose_and_Glucose_Metabolism_in_Health_and_DiseaseExplore intestinal fructose and glucose metabolism, focusing on transport mechanisms, enzymatic pathways, and regulatory controls. This chapter links gut nutrient absorption to systemic energy balance...Explore intestinal fructose and glucose metabolism, focusing on transport mechanisms, enzymatic pathways, and regulatory controls. This chapter links gut nutrient absorption to systemic energy balance and highlights how metabolic disruptions can lead to disease.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/20%3A_Photosynthesis_and_Carbohydrate_Synthesis_in_Plants/20.06%3A_Biosynthesis_of_Starch_Sucrose_and_CelluloseThis page provides in-depth information on carbohydrate biosynthesis in plants, focusing on sucrose, starch, and cellulose. It describes the roles of these carbohydrates, their biosynthetic pathways, ...This page provides in-depth information on carbohydrate biosynthesis in plants, focusing on sucrose, starch, and cellulose. It describes the roles of these carbohydrates, their biosynthetic pathways, and the involved enzymes, particularly glycosyltransferases. The regulation of sucrose biosynthesis, mechanisms of glycosyltransferases, and structure-function relationships of enzymes like sucrose synthase and starch synthase are discussed.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/16%3A_The_Citric_Acid_Cycle/16.02%3A__Reactions_of_the_Citric_Acid_CycleThis page provides a comprehensive overview of the citric acid cycle (CAC), also known as the Krebs cycle. It explains the metabolic role of the CAC as a hub that oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO??? and gene...This page provides a comprehensive overview of the citric acid cycle (CAC), also known as the Krebs cycle. It explains the metabolic role of the CAC as a hub that oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO??? and generates reducing equivalents for ATP production, with emphasis on its integration with carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. The page discusses enzyme mechanisms and regulation, highlighting the cycle's cyclic structure for sustainable metabolic flux.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/16%3A_The_Citric_Acid_Cycle/16.01%3A_Production_of_Acetyl-CoA_(Activated_Acetate)This page reviews the metabolic processes involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). It explains glycolysis, where glucose is converted to pyruv...This page reviews the metabolic processes involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). It explains glycolysis, where glucose is converted to pyruvate, and the role of PDH in converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, a substrate for the citric acid cycle.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/29%3A_Integration_of_Mammalian_Metabolism_-_Capstone_Volume_II/29.02%3A__Regulation_of_glucose_metabolism_from_a_liver-centric_perspectiveThis article explores the regulation of glucose metabolism from a liver-centric perspective. The liver plays a vital role in maintaining glucose homeostasis through processes such as glycogenesis, gly...This article explores the regulation of glucose metabolism from a liver-centric perspective. The liver plays a vital role in maintaining glucose homeostasis through processes such as glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. Acute and chronic regulation of the enzymes involved is crucial for these processes. Transcription factors such as SREBP-1c and ChREBP are vital in controlling glucose metabolism, especially in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis paths.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/14%3A_Principles_of_Metabolic_Regulation/14.5%3A_Metabolism_and_Signaling%3A__The_Steady_State_Adaptation_and_HomeostasisThe page covers key biochemistry concepts, specifically focusing on enzyme kinetics, metabolic pathways, and homeostasis. It introduces hyperbolic and sigmoidal binding interactions, their implication...The page covers key biochemistry concepts, specifically focusing on enzyme kinetics, metabolic pathways, and homeostasis. It introduces hyperbolic and sigmoidal binding interactions, their implication on metabolic control, and the role of enzyme kinetics in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It also discusses adaptive motifs in metabolic regulation, including feedback systems and their contribution to metabolic stability.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/14%3A_Principles_of_Metabolic_Regulation/14.03%3A_The_Flux_Control_CoefficientThis page discusses metabolic control analysis (MCA), with a focus on the Flux Control Coefficient, used to assess enzyme contributions to metabolic flux regulation. It highlights key concepts, such a...This page discusses metabolic control analysis (MCA), with a focus on the Flux Control Coefficient, used to assess enzyme contributions to metabolic flux regulation. It highlights key concepts, such as the Summation Theorem and flux distribution across enzymes, debunking the idea of a singular "rate-limiting" enzyme.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/19%3A_Oxidative_Phosphorylation/19.01%3A_Electron-Transfer_Reactions_in_MitochondriaThe page discusses the mitochondrial electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation, focusing on electron transport complexes I-IV. It describes each complex's structure, function, and electr...The page discusses the mitochondrial electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation, focusing on electron transport complexes I-IV. It describes each complex's structure, function, and electron transfer mechanisms, including cofactors involved. The page details how electron transfer is linked to proton movement, establishing a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/17%3A_Fatty_Acid_Catabolism/17.03%3A_Ketone_BodiesThis page provides an in-depth overview of ketone body metabolism, describing the roles of ketone bodies as alternative energy substrates, the physiological conditions for their production and utiliza...This page provides an in-depth overview of ketone body metabolism, describing the roles of ketone bodies as alternative energy substrates, the physiological conditions for their production and utilization, and their significance in energy homeostasis.
