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6.1: Energy and Metabolism - The Role of Energy and Metabolism
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All organisms require energy to complete tasks; metabolism is the set of the chemical reactions that release energy for cellular processes.
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6.2: Energy and Metabolism - Types of Energy
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The various types of energy include kinetic, potential, and chemical energy.
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6.3: Energy and Metabolism - Metabolic Pathways
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An anabolic pathway requires energy and builds molecules while a catabolic pathway produces energy and breaks down molecules.
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6.4: Energy and Metabolism - Metabolism of Carbohydrates
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Organisms break down carbohydrates to produce energy for cellular processes, and photosynthetic plants produce carbohydrates.
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6.5: Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy - Free Energy
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Free energy, called Gibbs free energy (G), is usable energy or energy that is available to do work.
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6.6: Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy - The First Law of Thermodynamics
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The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be transferred or transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed.
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6.7: Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy - The Second Law of Thermodynamics
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The second law of thermodynamics states that every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe due to the loss of usable energy.
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6.8: Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy - Activation Energy
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Activation energy is the energy required for a reaction to occur, and determines its rate.
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6.9: ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate
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Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions to harness the energy within the bonds of ATP.
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6.10: Enzymes - Active Site and Substrate Specificity
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Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers and converting substrate molecules to products.
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6.11: Enzymes - Control of Metabolism Through Enzyme Regulation
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Cells regulate their biochemical processes by inhibiting or activating enzymes.
Thumbnail: Metabolic Metro Map. (CC BY-SA 4.0; Chakazul).