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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_1e_(OpenStax)/1%3A_The_Chemistry_of_Life/1%3A_The_Study_of_Life/1.2%3A_Themes_and_Concepts_of_BiologyFrom its earliest beginnings, biology has wrestled with three questions: What are the shared properties that make something “alive”? And once we know something is alive, how do we find meaningful leve...From its earliest beginnings, biology has wrestled with three questions: What are the shared properties that make something “alive”? And once we know something is alive, how do we find meaningful levels of organization in its structure? And, finally, when faced with the remarkable diversity of life, how do we organize the different kinds of organisms so that we can better understand them? As new organisms are discovered every day, biologists continue to seek answers to these and other questions.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/04%3A_The_Three-Dimensional_Structure_of_Proteins/4.10%3A_Protein_Aggregates_-_Amyloids_Prions_and_Intracellular_GranulesThis comprehensive biochemistry resource outlines the intricate processes leading to protein aggregation and their implications in diseases. It covers amyloid, prion, and protein aggregation types, th...This comprehensive biochemistry resource outlines the intricate processes leading to protein aggregation and their implications in diseases. It covers amyloid, prion, and protein aggregation types, the mechanisms of amyloid formation, and their connection to neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/28%3A_Biosignaling_-_Capstone_Volume_I/28.16%3A_Signaling_in_PlantsThe page provides a comprehensive overview of plant signaling, focusing on key plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. It discusses the synthesis, transpo...The page provides a comprehensive overview of plant signaling, focusing on key plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene. It discusses the synthesis, transport, perception, and signal transduction mechanisms of these hormones, highlighting their roles in coordinating plant growth, development, and stress responses.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/07%3A_Carbohydrates_and_Glycobiology/7.02%3A_PolysaccharidesThe page provides a comprehensive overview of polysaccharides, highlighting their structural diversity and functional roles. It discusses the classification into homopolysaccharides (e.g., starch, gly...The page provides a comprehensive overview of polysaccharides, highlighting their structural diversity and functional roles. It discusses the classification into homopolysaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose) and heteropolysaccharides (e.g., glycosaminoglycans), emphasizing the impact of glycosidic linkages on structure and function. Key polysaccharides like amylose, chitin, and peptidoglycan are examined in terms of biological significance.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/05%3A_Protein_Function/5.03%3A_B._Other_Allosteric_ProteinsThis page covers the intricacies of allosterism in biochemistry, focusing on myoglobin, hemoglobin, and various enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinases. It discusses structur...This page covers the intricacies of allosterism in biochemistry, focusing on myoglobin, hemoglobin, and various enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinases. It discusses structural transformations in viral enzymes and the significance of Lenacapavir as an HIV drug. The text details the kinetic behaviors of enzymes and the influence of ligand concentrations on activity.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/28%3A_Biosignaling_-_Capstone_Volume_I/28.09%3A_Gated_Ion_Channels_-_Neural_SignalingThis page provides comprehensive insights into the role of gated ion channels in neural signaling, differentiating between their types, and analyzing their structure-function relationships. It explain...This page provides comprehensive insights into the role of gated ion channels in neural signaling, differentiating between their types, and analyzing their structure-function relationships. It explains mechanisms underlying ion flux and action potential generation, and integrates this with neural circuit function.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/20%3A_Photosynthesis_and_Carbohydrate_Synthesis_in_Plants/20.01%3A_Light_Absorption_in_Photosynthesis_-_An_OverviewThis page addresses the complex processes of photosynthesis, focusing on the roles of the Light Harvesting Complex (LHC) and Photosystem II (PSII). It covers the absorption of light, the structure and...This page addresses the complex processes of photosynthesis, focusing on the roles of the Light Harvesting Complex (LHC) and Photosystem II (PSII). It covers the absorption of light, the structure and function of various components, and the generation of energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. These processes involve intricate reactions, including charge separation and electron transfer, to convert solar energy into chemical energy.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/28%3A_Biosignaling_-_Capstone_Volume_I/28.19%3A_Signal_Transduction_-__TemperatureThis page describes the mechanisms of temperature sensing and thermoregulation in mammals, exploring the roles of different ion channels, particularly TRP and TREK channels, in detecting thermal stimu...This page describes the mechanisms of temperature sensing and thermoregulation in mammals, exploring the roles of different ion channels, particularly TRP and TREK channels, in detecting thermal stimuli. It delves into how these channels contribute to the sensation of heat, cold, and thermal pain, with TREK channels playing a key role in moderating thermoreceptor activity by hyperpolarizing cells and TRP channels depolarizing them to increase excitability.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/20%3A_Photosynthesis_and_Carbohydrate_Synthesis_in_Plants/20.06%3A_Biosynthesis_of_Starch_Sucrose_and_CelluloseThis page provides in-depth information on carbohydrate biosynthesis in plants, focusing on sucrose, starch, and cellulose. It describes the roles of these carbohydrates, their biosynthetic pathways, ...This page provides in-depth information on carbohydrate biosynthesis in plants, focusing on sucrose, starch, and cellulose. It describes the roles of these carbohydrates, their biosynthetic pathways, and the involved enzymes, particularly glycosyltransferases. The regulation of sucrose biosynthesis, mechanisms of glycosyltransferases, and structure-function relationships of enzymes like sucrose synthase and starch synthase are discussed.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/18%3A_Nitrogen_-_Amino_Acid_Catabolism/18.01%3A_The_Biochemistry_of_Nitrogen_in_the_BiosphereThe document explores the nitrogen cycle from a biochemical perspective, covering key reactions such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification. It discusses the challeng...The document explores the nitrogen cycle from a biochemical perspective, covering key reactions such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification. It discusses the challenges and impacts of industrial nitrogen fixation through the Haber-Bosch process, thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, and the role of microorganisms in these transformations.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/01%3A_The_Foundations_of_Biochemistry/1.03%3A_Physical-Chemical_FoundationsThis page delves into the fundamentals of chemical kinetics and thermodynamics within biochemistry. It explains key concepts such as reaction rates, activation energy, reaction mechanisms, the transit...This page delves into the fundamentals of chemical kinetics and thermodynamics within biochemistry. It explains key concepts such as reaction rates, activation energy, reaction mechanisms, the transition state, and how these factors, alongside thermodynamic principles like enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, dictate reaction spontaneity and equilibrium.
