7: Growth
- Page ID
- 42493
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Chapter 7 BIOL 235 Learning Outcomes
Growth
- Define doubling (generation) time.
- Calculate population size and doubling time (generation time) given the appropriate information.
- Given a description of the ingredients required in a growth medium for an organism, determine whether the organism needs any growth factors and what in the medium is a growth factor; define growth factor.
- Recognize the phases of the closed system growth curve and describe the physiological condition of cells and population dynamics at each phase
- Given data on population size at various time points, generate a growth curve and determine doubling (generation) time from the resulting graph.
- Describe under what kinds of conditions endospores form and germinate as well as the purpose of endospores.
- Identify the two genera of bacteria which can form endospores.
- Describe the mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the growth rate of microbes, particularly temperature, salinity, and oxygen.
- Provide the terms that describe organisms that thrive under various environmental conditions presence/absence of oxygen, high/low temperature, high salt, high/low pH.
Control of Microbial Growth
- Define the suffixes -cidal and -static.
- Identify major targets of physical and chemical disinfection and sterilization and explain why disruption of each will cause cell death.
- Distinguish between disinfection and sterilization.
- Describe how exposure time, microbial load, presence of spores or other resistant forms, and type of antimicrobial process (microbistatic vs. microbicidal) influence the effectiveness of disinfection or sterilization techniques.
- Describe the difference in effectiveness between moist heat and dry heat in killing microbes.
- Describe the effects of cold and dessication on cells.
- Explain how the following kill cells: ionizing radiation, UV (non-ionizing) radiation, surfactants (specifically quaternary ammonium compounds), chlorine and iodine compounds (halogens), alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and heavy metals.
- Identify which physical and chemical methods can (practically) be used to sterilize.
- Describe how filtration can be used for sterilization
- Analyze a situation to identify the most suitable disinfection/sterilization techniques.
- 7.1: Microbial Growth
- This page covers microbial growth and the factors affecting it, including asexual reproduction via DNA replication and cellular division. It highlights the diverse oxygen needs of organisms, temperature preferences of psychrophiles and mesophiles, and the importance of pH, with most bacteria favoring neutral conditions. Additionally, it addresses how microbes adapt to various environmental conditions, such as salinity, pressure, and light.
- 7.2: Control of Microbial Growth
- This page examines microbial growth control, particularly on fomites that can carry pathogens. It emphasizes that cleanliness standards vary based on usage and pathogen resistance. The page details physical methods like high temperatures and radiation for non-specific cell killing, and discusses chemical disinfectants and antiseptics, explaining their mechanisms and applications for managing microbial presence.
Thumbnail: "Klebsiella pneumoniae on C.L.E.D. Agar - detail" by Nathan Reading is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0