Skip to main content
Biology LibreTexts

16: Bibliography

  • Page ID
    96520
  • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

    Aguadé, M., N. Miyashita, and C. H. Langley, 1989 Reduced variation in the yellow-achaete-scute region in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 122: 607–615.

    Aguillon, S. M., J. W. Fitzpatrick, R. Bowman, S. J. Schoech, A. G. Clark, G. Coop, and N. Chen, 2017, 08)Deconstructing isolation-by-distance: The genomic consequences of limited dispersal. PLOS Genetics 13(8): 1–27.

    Akçay, E. and J. Van Cleve, 2016 There is no fitness but fit- ness, and the lineage is its bearer. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371(1687): 20150085.

    Alcaide, M., E. S. Scordato, T. D. Price, and D. E. Irwin, 2014 Genomic divergence in a ring species complex. Na- ture 511(7507): 83.

    Alexander, D. H., J. Novembre, and K. Lange, 2009 Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome research 19(9): 1655–1664.

    Algee-Hewitt, B. F., M. D. Edge, J. Kim, J. Z. Li, and N. A. Rosenberg, 2016 Individual identifiability predicts population identifiability in forensic microsatellite markers. Current Biology 26(7): 935–942.

    Allen, G. E., 2011 Eugenics and modern biology: Critiques of eugenics, 1910–1945. Annals of human genetics 75(3): 314–325.

    Allendorf, F. W. and J. J. Hard, 2009 Human-induced evolution caused by unnatural selection through harvest of wild animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci- ences 106(Supplement 1): 9987–9994.

    Alvarez, G., F. C. Ceballos, and C. Quinteiro, 2009 The role of inbreeding in the extinction of a European royal dynasty. PLoS One 4(4): e5174.

    Andolfatto, P., 2007 Hitchhiking effects of recurrent beneficial amino acid substitutions in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Genome Res. 17: 1755–1762.

    Andolfatto, P. and M. Przeworski, 2001 Regions of lower crossing over harbor more rare variants in African populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 158: 657–665.

    Axelrod, R. and W. D. Hamilton, 1981 The evolution of cooperation. science 211(4489): 1390–1396.

    Ayllon, F., E. Kjærner-Semb, T. Furmanek, V. Wen- nevik, M. F. Solberg, G. Dahle, G. L. Taranger,
    K. A. Glover, M. S. Almén, C. J. Rubin, and others, 2015 The vgll3 locus controls age at maturity in wild and domesti- cated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) males. PLoS genetics 11(11): e1005628.

    Bachtrog, D., J. E. Mank, C. L. Peichel, M. Kirk- patrick, S. P. Otto, T.-L. Ashman, M. W. Hahn,
    J. Kitano, I. Mayrose, R. Ming, and others, 2014 Sex determination: why so many ways of doing it? PLoS biology 12(7): e1001899.

    Baranova, M. A., M. D. Logacheva, A. A. Penin, V. B. Seplyarskiy, Y. Y. Safonova, S. A. Naumenko, A. V. Klepikova, E. S. Gerasimov, G. A. Bazykin, T. Y.
    J a m e s, and o t h e r s, 2015 Extraordinary genetic diversity in a wood decay mushroom. Molecular biology and evolution 32(10): 2775–2783.

    Barrett, R. D. H., S. M. Rogers, and D. Schluter, 2008 Natural Selection on a Major Armor Gene in Threespine Stickleback. Science 322(5899): 255–257.

    Barson, N. J., T. Aykanat, K. Hindar, M. Baranski, G. H. Bolstad, P. Fiske, C. Jacq, A. J. Jensen, S. E. Johnston, S. Karlsson, and others, 2015 Sex-dependent dominance at a single locus maintains variation in age at maturity in salmon. Nature 528(7582): 405.

    Barton, N. and G. Hewitt, 1981 A chromosomal cline in the grasshopper Podisma pedestris. Evolution: 1008–1018.

    Barton, N. H., 2000 Genetic hitchhiking. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 355: 1553–1562.

    B a s o l o , A . L ., 1994 The dynamics of Fisherian sex-ratio evolution: theoretical and experimental investigations. The American Naturalist 144(3): 473–490.

    Bazykin, A., 1969 Hypothetical mechanism of speciation. Evolu- tion 23(4): 685–687.

    Becquet, C., N. Patterson, A. C. Stone, M. Prze- worski, and D. Reich, 2007 Genetic structure of chimpanzee populations. PLoS genetics 3(4): e66.

    Begun, D. J. and C. F. Aquadro, 1992 Levels of naturally occurring DNA polymorphism correlate with recombination rates in D. melanogaster. Nature 356: 519–520.

    Beissinger, T. M., L. Wang, K. Crosby, A. Durva-sula, M. B. Hufford, and J. Ross-Ibarra, 2016 Recent demography drives changes in linked selection across the maize genome. Nature plants 2(7): 16084.

    Bell, M. A., M. P. Travis, and D. M. Blouw, 2006 Infer- ring natural selection in a fossil threespine stickleback. Paleobiol- ogy 32(4): 562–577.

    B o a g , P . T ., 1983 The heritability of external morphology in Dar- win’s ground finches (Geospiza) on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos. Evolution: 877–894.

    Box, G. E., 1979 Robustness in the strategy of scientific model building. In Robustness in statistics, pp. 201–236. Elsevier.

    Bradburd, G. S., P. L. Ralph, and G. M. Coop, 2016 A spatial framework for understanding population structure and admixture. PLoS genetics 12(1): e1005703.

    Brandvain, Y., A. M. Kenney, L. Flagel, G. Coop, and A. L. Sweigart, 2014 Speciation and introgression between Mimulus nasutus and Mimulus guttatus. PLoS Genetics 10(6): e1004410.

    Braverman, J. M., R. R. Hudson, N. L. Kaplan, C. H. Langley, and W. Stephan, 1995 The hitchhiking effect on the site frequency spectrum of DNA polymorphisms. Genetics 140: 783–796.

    Brodie, E . D ., 1992 Correlational selection for color pattern and antipredator behavior in the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides. Evolution 46(5): 1284–1298.

    Cai, J. J., J. M. Macpherson, G. Sella, and D. A. Petrov, 2009 Pervasive hitchhiking at coding and regulatory sites in humans. PLoS Genet. 5: e1000336.

    Carter, G. G. and G. S. Wilkinson, 2013 Food sharing in vampire bats: reciprocal help predicts donations more than related- ness or harassment. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280(1753): 20122573.

    Charlesworth, B., 2009 Effective population size and pat- terns of molecular evolution and variation. Nature Reviews Ge- netics 10(3): 195.

    Charlesworth, D., B. Charlesworth, and M. T. Mor- g a n, 1995 The pattern of neutral molecular variation under the background selection model. Genetics 141: 1619–1632.

    Charlesworth, D. and V. Laporte, 1998 The male-sterility polymorphism of Silene vulgaris: analysis of genetic data from two populations and comparison with Thymus vulgaris. Genetics 150(3): 1267–1282.

    Chen, N., E. J. Cosgrove, R. Bowman, J. W. Fitz- patrick, and A. G. Clark, 2016 Genomic Consequences of Population Decline in the Endangered Florida Scrub-Jay. Current Biology 26(21): 2974 – 2979.

    Cohen, D., 1966 Optimizing reproduction in a randomly varying environment. Journal of theoretical biology 12(1): 119–129.

    Colbert , E . H ., 1948 Evolution of the horned dinosaurs. Evolu- tion 2(2): 145–163.

    Cook, L. M., B. S. Grant, I. J. Saccheri, and J. Mal- let, 2012 Selective bird predation on the peppered moth: the last experiment of Michael Majerus. Biology Letters 8(4): 609–612.

    Cosmides, L. M. and J. Tooby, 1981 Cytoplasmic inheritance and intragenomic conflict. Journal of theoretical biology 89(1): 83–129.

    Cotterman, C. W., 1940 A calculus for statistico-genetics. Ph. D. thesis, The Ohio State University.

    Cousminer, D. L., D. J. Berry, N. J. Timpson, W. Ang, E. Thiering, E. M. Byrne, H. R. Taal, V. Huikari,
    J. P. Bradfield, M. Kerkhof, and others, 2013 Genome-wide association and longitudinal analyses reveal genetic loci linking pubertal height growth, pubertal timing and childhood adiposity. Human molecular genetics 22(13): 2735–2747.

    Cutter, A. D. and J. Y. Choi, 2010 Natural selection shapes nucleotide polymorphism across the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae. Genome Res. 20: 1103–1111.

    Darwin, C., 1859 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. London: Murray. or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life.

    Darwin, C., 1876 The effect of cross and self fertilization in the vegetable kingdom: Murray. London, UK.

    Darwin, C., 1888 The descent of man and selection in relation to sex, Volume 1. Murray.

    Dempster, E., 1955 Maintenance of genetic heterogeneity. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 20: 25–32.

    Dickerson, R. E., 1971 The structure of cytochromec and the rates of molecular evolution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 1(1): 26–45.

    Dobzhansky, T., 1943 Genetics of natural populations IX. Temporal changes in the composition of populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 28(2): 162.

    Dobzhansky, T., 1951 Genetics and the Origin of Species (3rd Ed. ed.)., pp. 16.

    Dobzhansky, T., 1961 A bogus “science”of race prejudice. Journal of Heredity 52(4): 189–190.

    Dobzhansky, T., 1970 Genetics of the evolutionary process, Volume 139. Columbia University Press.

    Edwards, A., 1961 The population genetics of “sex-ratio”in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Heredity 16(3): 291.

    Edwards, A. W., 1998 Natural selection and the sex ratio: Fisher’s sources. The American Naturalist 151(6): 564–569.

    E lt o n , C ., 1942 Voles, mice and lemmings. Problems in population dynamics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Elyashiv, E., S. Sattath, T. T. Hu, A. Strutsovsky, G. McVicker, P. Andolfatto, G. Coop, and G. Sella, 2016 A genomic map of the effects of linked selection in Drosophila. PLoS genetics 12(8): e1006130.

    Ewens, W. J., 2010 What is the gene trying to do? British Jour- nal for the Philosophy of Science 62(1): 155–176.

    Ewens, W. J., 2016 Motoo Kimura and James Crow on the In- finitely Many Alleles Model. Genetics 202(4): 1243–1245.

    Faith, M. S., A. Pietrobelli, C. Nunez, M. Heo, S. B. Heymsfield, and D. B. Allison, 1999 Evidence for inde- pendent genetic influences on fat mass and body mass index in a pediatric twin sample. Pediatrics 104(1): 61–67.

    Fay, J. C. and C. I. Wu, 2000 Hitchhiking under positive Darwinian selection. Genetics 155: 1405–1413.

    Feder, A. F., C. Kline, P. Polacino, M. Cottrell, A. D. Kashuba, B. F. Keele, S.-L. Hu, D. A. Petrov, P. S. Pennings, and Z. Ambrose, 2017 A spatio-temporal assessment of simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) evo- lution reveals a highly dynamic process within the host. PLoS pathogens 13(5): e1006358.

    Ferree, P. M. and D. A. Barbash, 2007 Distorted sex ratios: a window into RNAi-mediated silencing. PLoS biology 5(11): e303.

    Figueiró, H. V., G. Li, F. J. Trindade, J. Assis, F. Pais, G. Fernandes, S. H. Santos, G. M. Hughes, A. Komissarov, A. Antunes, and others, 2017 Genome- wide signatures of complex introgression and adaptive evolution in the big cats. Science advances 3(7): e1700299.

    Fisher, R. A., 1915 The evolution of sexual preference. The Eugenics Review 7(3): 184.

    Fisher, R. A., 1918 The correlation between relatives on the sup- position of Mendelian inheritance. Trans. R. Soc. 52: 399–433.

    Fisher, R. A., 1923 On the dominance ratio. Proceedings of the royal society of Edinburgh 42: 321–341.

    Fisher, R. A., 1930 The genetical theory of natural selection: a complete variorum edition. Oxford University Press.

    Francioli, L. C., A. Menelaou, S. L. Pulit, F. Van Dijk, P. F. Palamara, C. C. Elbers, P. B. Neerincx, K. Ye, V. Guryev, W. P. Kloosterman, and others, 2014 Whole-genome sequence variation, population structure and demographic history of the Dutch population. Nature genetics 46(8): 818.

    Frank, S. and L. Hurst, 1996 Mitochondria and male disease. Nature 383(6597): 224–224.

    Frankham, R., 1996 Relationship of genetic variation to popula- tion size in wildlife. Conservation biology 10(6): 1500–1508.

    Frentiu, F. D., G. D. Bernard, C. I. Cuevas, M. P. Sison-Mangus, K. L. Prudic, and A. D. Briscoe, 2007 Adaptive evolution of color vision as seen through the eyes of but- terflies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(suppl 1): 8634–8640.

    Galen, C., 1996 Rates of floral evolution: adaptation to bumblebee pollination in an alpine wildflower, Polemonium viscosum. Evolu- tion 50(1): 120–125.

    G a lt i e r , N ., 2016 Adaptive protein evolution in animals and the effective population size hypothesis. PLoS genetics 12(1): e1005774.

    G a lt o n , F ., 1883 Inquiries into human faculty and its development. Macmillan.

    Gannett, L., 2013 Theodosius Dobzhansky and the genetic race concept. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 44(3): 250–261.

    Gigord, L. D., M. R. Macnair, and A. Smithson, 2001 Negative frequency-dependent selection maintains a dramatic flower color polymorphism in the rewardless orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci- ences 98(11): 6253–6255.

    Gillespie, J. H., 1973 Natural selection with varying selection coefficients–a haploid model. Genetics Research 21(2): 115–120.

    Gillespie, J. H., 1977 Natural selection for variances in offspring numbers: a new evolutionary principle. The American Natural-
    ist 111(981): 1010–1014.

    Gillespie, J. H., 2000 Genetic drift in an infinite population. The pseudohitchhiking model. Genetics 155: 909–919.

    Gingerich, P., 1983 Rates of evolution: effects of time and tempo- ral scaling. Science 222: 159–162.

    Grant, P. R. and B. R. Grant, 1995 Predicting microevo- lutionary responses to directional selection on heritable variation. Evolution 49(2): 241–251.

    Grant, P. R. and B. R. Grant, 2002 Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin’s finches. science 296(5568): 707–711.

    Green, R. E., J. Krause, A. W. Briggs, T. Mari- cic, U. Stenzel, M. Kircher, N. Patterson, H. Li, W. Zhai, M. H.-Y. Fritz, and others, 2010 A draft se- quence of the Neandertal genome. science 328(5979): 710–722.

    Gremer, J. R. and D. L. Venable, 2014 Bet hedging in desert winter annual plants: optimal germination strategies in a variable environment. Ecology Letters 17(3): 380–387.

    Grognet, P., H. Lalucque, F. Malagnac, and P. Silar, 2014 Genes that bias Mendelian segregation. PLoS genetics 10(5): e1004387.

    Gulick, J. T., 1873 On diversity of evolution under one set of external conditions. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 11(56): 496–505.

    Hagedoorn, A. L. and A. C. Hagedoorn, 1921 The relative value of the processes causing evolution. The Hague,M. Nijhoff.

    H a l d a n e , J ., 1942 The selective elimination of silver foxes in east- ern Canada. Journal of Genetics 44(2-3): 296–304.

    Haldane, J. and S. Jayakar, 1963 Polymorphism due to selec- tion of varying direction. Journal of Genetics 58(2): 237–242.

    Haldane, J. B. S., 1924 A mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection. Part I. Transactions of the Camrbidge Philosoph- ical Society 23: 19–41.

    Haldane, J. B. S., 1927 A mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection, part V: selection and mutation. In Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Volume 23, pp. 838–844. Cambridge University Press.

    Haldane, J. B. S., 1937 The Effect of Variation of Fitness. The American Naturalist 71(735): 337–349.

    Haldane, J. B. S., 1949 Suggestions as to quantitative measure- ment of rates of evolution. Evolution 3(1): 51–56.

    Haldane, J. B. S., 1964 A defense of beanbag genetics. Perspec- tives in Biology and Medicine 7(3): 343–360.

    Hamilton, W. D., 1964a The genetical evolution of social be- haviour. II. Journal of theoretical biology 7(1): 17–52.

    Hamilton, W. D., 1964b The genetical evolution of social be- haviour. II. Journal of theoretical biology 7(1): 17–52.

    Hamilton, W. D., 1967 Extraordinary sex ratios. Sci- ence 156(3774): 477–488.

    Hansen, R. and D. King, 2013 Sterilized by the state: eugenics, race, and the population scare in twentieth-century North America. Cambridge University Press.

    Hardy, G. H. and others, 1908 Mendelian proportions in a mixed population. Science 28(706): 49–50.

    Helgason, A., S. Pálsson, D. F. Guðbjartsson,
    K. Stefánsson, and others, 2008 An association between the kinship and fertility of human couples. Science 319(5864): 813– 816.

    Hermisson, J. and P. S. Pennings, 2017 Soft sweeps and beyond: understanding the patterns and probabilities of selection footprints under rapid adaptation. Methods in Ecology and Evolu- tion 8(6): 700–716.

    Hey, J. and R. M. Kliman, 2002 Interactions between nat- ural selection, recombination and gene density in the genes of Drosophila. Genetics 160(2): 595–608.

    Hoekstra, H. E., K. E. Drumm, and M. W. Nachman, 2004 Ecological genetics of adaptive color polymorphism in pocket mice: geographic variation in selected and neutral genes. Evolu- tion 58(6): 1329–1341.

    H o g b e n , L ., 1933 Nature and Nurture (Being the Wil liam Wither- ing Memorial Lectures). George Allen and Unwin Limited, London.

    Hohenlohe, P. A., S. Bassham, P. D. Etter, N. Stiffler, E. A. Johnson, and W. A. Cresko, 2010 Population genomics of parallel adaptation in threespine stickleback using sequenced RAD tags. PLoS genetics 6(2): e1000862.

    Hollister, J. D., S. Greiner, W. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Zhang, G. K.-S. Wong, S. I. Wright, and M. T. Johnson, 2014 Recurrent loss of sex is associated with accumula- tion of deleterious mutations in Oenothera. Molecular biology and evolution 32(4): 896–905.

    Hopkins, J., G. Baudry, U. Candolin, and A. Kaitala, 2015 I’m sexy and I glow it: female ornamentation in a nocturnal capital breeder. Biology letters 11(10): 20150599.

    H o u d e , A . E ., 1994 Effect of artificial selection on male colour patterns on mating preference of female guppies. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 256(1346): 125–130.

    Howes, R. E., M. Dewi, F. B. Piel, W. M. Monteiro, K. E. Battle, J. P. Messina, A. Sakuntabhai, A. W. Satyagraha, T. N. Williams, J. K. Baird, and S. I. Hay, 2013 Spatial distribution of G6PD deficiency variants across malaria-endemic regions. Malar. J. 12: 418.

    Howes, R. E., F. B. Piel, A. P. Patil, O. A. Nyangiri, P. W. Gething, M. Dewi, M. M. Hogg, K. E. Bat- tle, C. D. Padilla, J. K. Baird, and S. I. Hay, 2012 G6PD deficiency prevalence and estimates of affected populations in malaria endemic countries: a geostatistical model-based map. PLoS Medicine 9(11): e1001339.

    Hudson, R. R., 2015, 07)A New Proof of the Expected Frequency Spectrum under the Standard Neutral Model. PLOS ONE 10(7): 1–5.

    Hudson, R. R. and N. L. Kaplan, 1995a Deleterious back- ground selection with recombination. Genetics 141: 1605–1617.

    Hudson, R. R. and N. L. Kaplan, 1995b The coalescent pro- cess and background selection. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 349: 19–23.

    Hudson, R. R., M. Kreitman, and M. Aguadé, 1987 A test of neutral molecular evolution based on nucleotide data. Genet-
    ics 116(1): 153–159.

    Hughes, W. O., B. P. Oldroyd, M. Beekman, and F. L. R at n i e k s, 2008 Ancestral monogamy shows kin selection is key to the evolution of eusociality. Science 320(5880): 1213–1216.

    Hunt, G., M. A. Bell, and M. P. Travis, 2008 Evolution toward a new adaptive optimum: phenotypic evolution in a fossil stickleback lineage. Evolution 62(3): 700–710.

    Jain, S. and A. D. Bradshaw, 1966 Evolutionary divergence among adjacent plant populations I. The evidence and its theoreti- cal analysis. Heredity 21(3): 407.

    James, T. Y., 2015 Why mushrooms have evolved to be so promis- cuous: Insights from evolutionary and ecological patterns. Fungal biology reviews 29(3-4): 167–178.

    Janicke, T., I. K. Häderer, M. J. Lajeunesse, and
    N . A n t h e s, 2016 Darwinian sex roles confirmed across the an- imal kingdom. Science advances 2(2): e1500983.

    Jennings, H. S., 1917 The numerical results of diverse systems of breeding, with respect to two pairs of characters, linked or indepen- dent, with special relation to the effects of linkage. Genetics 2(2): 97.

    Jennings, W. B. and S. V. Edwards, 2005 Speciational his- tory of Australian grass finches (Poephila) inferred from thirty gene trees. Evolution 59(9): 2033–2047.

    Johannsen, W., 1911 The Genotype Conception of Heredity. The American Naturalist 45(531): 129–159.

    Johnston, S. E., J. Gratten, C. Berenos, J. G. Pilk- ington, T. H. Clutton-Brock, J. M. Pemberton, and J. Slate, 2013 Life history trade-offs at a single locus maintain sexually selected genetic variation. Nature 502(7469): 93.

    Joron, M., L. Frezal, R. T. Jones, N. L. Chamber- lain, S. F. Lee, C. R. Haag, A. Whibley, M. Becuwe, S. W. Baxter, L. Ferguson, and others, 2011 Chromo- somal rearrangements maintain a polymorphic supergene controlling butterfly mimicry. Nature 477(7363): 203.

    Joron, M., R. Papa, M. Beltrán, N. Chamberlain,
    J. Mavárez, S. Baxter, M. Abanto, E. Berming- ham, S. J. Humphray, J. Rogers, and others, 2006 A conserved supergene locus controls colour pattern diversity in Heli- conius butterflies. PLoS biology 4(10): e303.

    Jukema, J. and T. Piersma, 2006 Permanent female mimics in a lekking shorebird. Biology letters 2(2): 161–164.

    Kaplan, N. L., R. R. Hudson, and C. H. Langley, 1989 The hitchhiking effect revisited. Genetics 123: 887–899.

    Karn, M. N. and L. Penrose, 1951 Birth weight and gestation time in relation to maternal age, parity and infant survival. Annals of eugenics 16(1): 147–164.

    Kettlewell, H. B. D., 1955 Selection experiments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera. Heredity 9(3): 323.

    Kevles, D. J., 1995 In the name of eugenics: Genetics and the uses of human heredity (2nd ed.). Harvard University Press.

    Kim, Y ., 2006 Allele frequency distribution under recurrent selective sweeps. Genetics 172: 1967–1978.

    Kimura, M., 1962 On the probability of fixation of mutant genes in a population. Genetics 47(6): 713.

    Kimura, M ., 1968 Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Na- ture 217(5129): 624–626.

    Kimura, M ., 1983 The neutral theory of molecular evolution. Cam- bridge University Press.

    Kimura, M. and J. F. Crow, 1964 The number of alleles that can be maintained in a finite population. Genetics 49(4): 725.

    Kimura, M. and T. Ohta, 1974 On some principles govern- ing molecular evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 71(7): 2848–2852.

    King, J. L. and T. H. Jukes, 1969 Non-darwinian evolution. Science 164(3881): 788–798.

    Klinka, D. R. and T. E. Reimchen, 2009 Adaptive coat colour polymorphism in the Kermode bear of coastal British Columbia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 98(3): 479– 488.

    Kornegay, J. R., J. W. Schilling, and A. C. Wilson, 1994 Molecular adaptation of a leaf-eating bird: stomach lysozyme of the hoatzin. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11(6): 921–928.

    Krakauer, A. H., 2005 Kin selection and cooperative courtship in wild turkeys. Nature 434(7029): 69.

    Kruuk, L. E., J. Slate, J. M. Pemberton, S. Broth- erstone, F. Guinness, and T. Clutton-Brock, 2002 Antler size in red deer: heritability and selection but no evolution. Evolution 56(8): 1683–1695.

    Küpper, C., M. Stocks, J. E. Risse, N. dos Remedios, L. L. Farrell, S. B. McRae, T. C. Morgan, N. Kar- lionova, P. Pinchuk, Y. I. Verkuil, and others, 2016 A supergene determines highly divergent male reproductive morphs in the ruff. Nature Genetics 48(1): 79.

    Kwiatkowski, D. P., 2005, August)How malaria has affected the human genome and what human genetics can teach us about malaria. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 77(2): 171–192.

    Laberge, A.-M., M. Jomphe, L. Houde, H. Vézina, M. Tremblay, B. Desjardins, D. Labuda, M. St-Hi- laire, C. Macmillan, E. A. Shoubridge, and others, 2005 A “Fille du Roy”introduced the T14484C Leber hereditary optic neuropathy mutation in French Canadians. The American Journal of Human Genetics 77(2): 313–317.

    Lamichhaney, S., G. Fan, F. Widemo, U. Gunnars- son, D. S. Thalmann, M. P. Hoeppner, S. Kerje, U. Gustafson, C. Shi, H. Zhang, and others, 2016 Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strate- gies in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax). Nature Genetics 48(1): 84.

    L a n d e , R ., 1976 Natural selection and random genetic drift in phenotypic evolution. Evolution 30(2): 314–334.

    L a n d e , R ., 1979 Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evo- lution, applied to brain: body size allometry. Evolution 33(1Part2): 402–416.

    Lande, R. and S. J. Arnold, 1983 The measurement of selec- tion on correlated characters. Evolution 37(6): 1210–1226.

    Laurie, C. C., D. A. Nickerson, A. D. Anderson, B. S. Weir, R. J. Livingston, M. D. Dean, K. L. Smith, E. E. Schadt, and M. W. Nachman, 2007, 08)Linkage Dise- quilibrium in Wild Mice. PLOS Genetics 3(8): 1–9.

    Lawson, D. J., L. Van Dorp, and D. Falush, 2018 A tuto- rial on how not to over-interpret STRUCTURE and ADMIXTURE bar plots. Nature communications 9(1): 3258.

    Lefébure, T., C. Morvan, F. Malard, C. François, L. Konecny-Dupré, L. Guéguen, M. Weiss-Gayet, A. Seguin-Orlando, L. Ermini, C. Der Sarkissian, and o t h e r s, 2017 Less effective selection leads to larger genomes. Genome research: gr–212589.

    Leffler, E. M., K. Bullaughey, D. R. Matute, W. K. Meyer, L. Segurel, A. Venkat, P. Andolfatto, and M. Przeworski, 2012 Revisiting an old riddle: what deter- mines genetic diversity levels within species? PLoS biology 10(9): e1001388.

    Lek, M., K. J. Karczewski, E. V. Minikel, K. E. Samocha, E. Banks, T. Fennell, A. H. O’Donnell- Luria, J. S. Ware, A. J. Hill, B. B. Cummings, and others, 2016 Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans. Nature 536(7616): 285.

    Lenormand, T., D. Bourguet, T. Guillemaud, and M . R ay m o n d, 1999 Tracking the evolution of insecticide resis- tance in the mosquito Culex pipiens. Nature 400(6747): 861.

    Leroy, T., M. Rousselle, M.-K. Tilak, A. Caizergues, C. Scornavacca, M. R. Carrasco, J. Fuchs, J. C. Illera, D. H. De Swardt, C. Thebaud, and others, 2020 Endemic island songbirds as windows into evolution in small effective population sizes. bioRxiv.

    Lewontin, R. and K.-i. Kojima, 1960 The evolutionary dy- namics of complex polymorphisms. Evolution: 458–472.

    Lewontin, R. C., 1970a Race and intelligence. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 26(3): 2–8.

    Lewontin, R. C., 1970b The units of selection. Annual review of ecology and systematics 1(1): 1–18.

    Lewontin, R. C., 1972 The apportionment of human diversity. In Evolutionary biology, pp. 381–398. Springer.

    Lewontin, R. C., 1974 The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change. Columbia University Press, New York.

    Lewontin, R. C., 1994, 05)[DNA Fingerprinting: A Review of the Controversy]: Comment: The Use of DNA Profiles in Forensic Contexts. Statist. Sci. 9(2): 259–262.

    Lewontin, R. C., 2001 Thinking about evolution: historical, philo- sophical, and political perspectives, Chapter Natural History and Formalism in Evolutionary Genetics, pp. 7–20. Cambridge Univer- sity Press.

    Li, J. Z., D. M. Absher, H. Tang, A. M. Southwick, A. M. Casto, S. Ramachandran, H. M. Cann, G. S. Barsh, M. Feldman, L. L. Cavalli-Sforza, and oth- e r s, 2008 Worldwide human relationships inferred from genome- wide patterns of variation. science 319(5866): 1100–1104.

    Librado, P., C. Gamba, C. Gaunitz, C. Der Sarkissian, M. Pruvost, A. Albrechtsen, A. Fages, N. Khan, M. Schubert, V. Jagannathan, and others, 2017 Ancient genomic changes associated with do- mestication of the horse. Science 356(6336): 442–445.

    Lin, C.-J., F. Hu, R. Dubruille, J. Vedanayagam, J. Wen, P. Smibert, B. Loppin, and E. C. Lai, 2018 The hpRNA/RNAi pathway is essential to resolve intragenomic conflict in the Drosophila male germline. Developmental cell 46(3): 316–326.

    Lister, A., 1989 Rapid dwarfing of red deer on Jersey in the last interglacial. Nature 342(6249): 539.

    Locke, D. P., L. W. Hillier, W. C. Warren, K. C. Worley, L. V. Nazareth, D. M. Muzny, S.-P. Yang, Z. Wang, A. T. Chinwalla, P. Minx, and others, 2011 Comparative and demographic analysis of orang-utan genomes. Nature 469(7331): 529.

    Losos, J. B., S. J. Arnold, G. Bejerano, E. Brodie III, D. Hibbett, H. E. Hoekstra, D. P. Mindell, A. Mon- teiro, C. Moritz, H. A. Orr, and others, 2013 Evolu- tionary biology for the 21st century. PLoS Biology 11(1): e1001466.

    Louicharoen, C., E. Patin, R. Paul, I. Nuchprayoon, B. Witoonpanich, C. Peerapittayamongkol, I. Casademont, T. Sura, N. M. Laird, P. Singhasi- vanon, L. Quintana-Murci, and A. Sakuntabhai, 2009, December)Positively selected G6PD-Mahidol mutation reduces Plas- modium vivax density in Southeast Asians. Science 326(5959): 1546–1549.

    Lowry, D. B. and J. H. Willis, 2010 A widespread chromo- somal inversion polymorphism contributes to a major life-history transition, local adaptation, and reproductive isolation. PLoS biol- ogy 8(9): e1000500.

    Lowther, J . K ., 1961 Polymorphism in the white-throated spar- row, Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin). Canadian Journal of Zool- ogy 39(3): 281–292.

    Lush, J . L ., 1943 Animal breeding plans. Animal breeding plans. (Edn 2).

    MacArthur, D. G., S. Balasubramanian, A. Frank- ish, N. Huang, J. Morris, K. Walter, L. Jostins,
    L. Habegger, J. K. Pickrell, S. B. Montgomery, and o t h e r s, 2012 A systematic survey of loss-of-function variants in human protein-coding genes. Science 335(6070): 823–828.

    Macpherson, J. M., G. Sella, J. C. Davis, and D. A. Petrov, 2007 Genomewide spatial correspondence between non- synonymous divergence and neutral polymorphism reveals extensive adaptation in Drosophila. Genetics 177: 2083–2099.

    Majerus, M. E., 2009 Industrial melanism in the peppered moth, Biston betularia: an excellent teaching example of Darwinian evolution in action. Evolution: Education and Outreach 2(1): 63.

    Malécot, G ., 1948 Les mathématiques de l’hérédité.

    Malécot, G ., 1969 The Mathematics of Heredity (Revised, edited and translated by Yermanos, DM).

    Marciniak, S. and G. H. Perry, 2017 Harnessing ancient genomes to study the history of human adaptation. Nature Reviews Genetics 18(11): 659.

    Martin, K. and R. Gilbertson, 1978 Decay of Douglas-fir by Sparassis radicata in Arizona. Phytopathology 68: 149–154.

    Maynard Smith, J., 1964 Group selection and kin selection. Nature 201(4924): 1145.

    Maynard Smith, J., 1971 The origin and maintenance of sex. In Group selection, pp. 163–175. Routledge.

    Maynard Smith, J., 1982 Evolution and the Theory of Games. Cambridge university press.

    Maynard Smith, J. and J. Haigh, 1974 The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable gene. Genet. Res. 23: 23–35.

    Mazumdar, P., 2005 Eugenics, human genetics and human fail- ings: the Eugenics Society, its sources and its critics in Britain, Chapter Ideology and method: RA Fisher and Research in Eugenics. Routledge.

    McDonald, J. H. and M. Kreitman, 1991 Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. Nature 351(6328): 652.

    McVicker, G., D. Gordon, C. Davis, and P. Green, 2009 Widespread genomic signatures of natural selection in hominid evolution. PLoS Genet. 5: e1000471.

    Menozzi, P., A. Piazza, and L. Cavalli-Sforza, 1978 Synthetic maps of human gene frequencies in Europeans. Sci- ence 201(4358): 786–792.

    Meredith, R. W., J. Gatesy, W. J. Murphy, O. A. Ry- der, and M. S. Springer, 2009, 09)Molecular Decay of the Tooth Gene Enamelin (ENAM) Mirrors the Loss of Enamel in the Fossil Record of Placental Mammals. PLOS Genetics 5(9): 1–12.

    Merrill, R. M., P. Rastas, S. H. Martin, M. C. Melo, S. Barker, J. Davey, W. O. McMillan, and C. D. Jig- gins, 2019 Genetic dissection of assortative mating behavior. PLoS biology 17(2).

    Messier, W. and C.-B. Stewart, 1997 Episodic adaptive evolution of primate lysozymes. Nature 385(6612): 151.

    Milne, A. A. and E. H. Shepard, 1926 Winnie-the-Pooh.

    Milot, E., C. Moreau, A. Gagnon, A. A. Cohen, B. Brais, and D. Labuda, 2017 Mother’s curse neutralizes natural selection against a human genetic disease over three cen- turies. Nature ecology & evolution 1(9): 1400.

    Muller, H. J., 1932 Some genetic aspects of sex. The American Naturalist 66(703): 118–138.

    Muller, H . J ., 1964 The relation of recombination to mutational advance. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mecha- nisms of Mutagenesis 1(1): 2–9.

    Nachman, M. W., H. E. Hoekstra, and S. L. D’Agostino, 2003 The genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci- ences 100(9): 5268–5273.

    Nash, D., S. Nair, M. Mayxay, P. N. Newton, J.-P. Guthmann, F. Nosten, and T. J. Anderson, 2005 Selec- tion strength and hitchhiking around two anti-malarial resistance genes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 272(1568): 1153–1161.

    Nei, M. and W.-H. Li, 1973 Linkage disequilibrium in subdivided populations. Genetics 75(1): 213–219.

    Nelson, M. R., D. Wegmann, M. G. Ehm, D. Kessner, P. S. Jean, C. Verzilli, J. Shen, Z. Tang, S.-A. Ba- canu, D. Fraser, and others, 2012 An abundance of rare functional variants in 202 drug target genes sequenced in 14,002 people. Science: 1217876.

    Nordborg, M., B. Charlesworth, and D. Charlesworth, 1996 The effect of recombination on back- ground selection. Genet. Res. 67: 159–174.

    Norton, B ., 1983 Fisher’s entrance into evolutionary science: The role of eugenics. Dimensions of Darwinism: Themes and counterthemes in twentieth-century evolutionary theory: 9–29.

    Novak, N. L., N. Lira, K. E. O’Connor, S. D. Harlow, S. L. Kardia, and A. M. Stern, 2018 Disproportionate sterilization of Latinos under California’s eugenic sterilization program, 1920–1945. American journal of public health 108(5): 611–613.

    Novembre, J. and M. Stephens, 2008 Interpreting principal component analyses of spatial population genetic variation. Nature genetics 40(5): 646.

    Ohta , T ., 1972 Population size and rate of evolution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 1(4): 305–314.

    Ohta , T ., 1973 Slightly deleterious mutant substitutions in evolu- tion. Nature 246(5428): 96.

    Ohta, T., 1987 Very slightly deleterious mutations and the molecu- lar clock. Journal of Molecular Evolution 26(1-2): 1–6.

    Ohta, T. and J. H. Gillespie, 1996 Development of neutral and nearly neutral theories. Theoretical population biology 49(2): 128–142.

    Okrent, D ., 2020 The guarded gate: bigotry, eugenics, and the law that kept two generations of Jews, Italians, and other European immigrants out of America. Scribner.

    Owen, D. and D. Chanter, 1972 Polymorphic mimicry in a population of the African butterfly, Pseudacraea eurytus (L.)(Lep. Nymphalidae). Insect Systematics & Evolution 3(4): 258–266.

    Oziolor, E. M., N. M. Reid, S. Yair, K. M. Lee, S. G. VerPloeg, P. C. Bruns, J. R. Shaw, A. Whitehead, and C . W . M at s o n, 2019 Adaptive introgression enables evolutionary rescue from extreme environmental pollution. Sci- ence 364(6439): 455–457.

    Paaby, A. B., A. O. Bergland, E. L. Behrman, and
    P. S. Schmidt, 2014 A highly pleiotropic amino acid polymor- phism in the Drosophila insulin receptor contributes to life-history adaptation. Evolution 68(12): 3395–3409.

    Patterson, N., A. L. Price, and D. Reich, 2006 Population structure and eigenanalysis. PLoS genetics 2(12): e190.

    Paul, D., 1984 Eugenics and the Left. Journal of the History of Ideas: 567–590.

    Paul, D . B ., 1994 Dobzhansky in the ‘Nature-Nurture’Debate. The evolution of Theodosius Dobzhansky: essays on his life and thought in Russia and America: 219–232.

    Paul, D . B ., 2014 What was wrong with eugenics? Conflicting narratives and disputed interpretations. Science & Education 23(2): 259–271.

    Paul, D. B. and H. G. Spencer, 2008 “It’s ok, we’re not cousins by blood”: the cousin marriage controversy in historical perspective. PLoS Biol 6(12): e320.

    Pickrell, J. K., T. Berisa, J. Z. Liu, L. Ségurel, J. Y. Tung, and D. A. Hinds, 2016 Detection and interpretation of shared genetic influences on 42 human traits. Nature genetics 48(7): 709.

    Potti, J. and D. Canal, 2011 Heritability and genetic corre- lation between the sexes in a songbird sexual ornament. Hered- ity 106(6): 945.

    Pritchard, J. K., M. Stephens, and P. Donnelly, 2000 Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155(2): 945–959.

    Provine, W. B., 1986 Geneticists and race. American Zoolo- gist 26(3): 857–888.

    Provine, W. B., 2001 The origins of theoretical population genet- ics: with a new afterword. University of Chicago Press.

    Przeworski, M., 2002 The signature of positive selection at ran- domly chosen loci. Genetics 160: 1179–1189.

    Ptak, S. E., A. D. Roeder, M. Stephens, Y. Gilad, S. Pääbo, and M. Przeworski, 2004 Absence of the TAP2 human recombination hotspot in chimpanzees. PLoS biology 2(6): e155.

    Queller, D . C ., 1992 Quantitative genetics, inclusive fitness, and group selection. The American Naturalist 139(3): 540–558.

    Queller, D. C., 2011 Expanded social fitness and Hamilton’s rule for kin, kith, and kind. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(Supplement 2): 10792–10799.

    R, 2018 R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.

    Ralph, P. L. and G. Coop, 2015 The role of standing varia- tion in geographic convergent adaptation. The American Natural- ist 186(S1): S5–S23.

    Rands, C. M., S. Meader, C. P. Ponting, and G . L u n t e r, 2014 8.2% of the human genome is constrained: variation in rates of turnover across functional element classes in the human lineage. PLoS genetics 10(7): e1004525.

    Reilly, P . R ., 2015 Eugenics and involuntary sterilization: 1907– 2015. Annual review of genomics and human genetics 16: 351–368.

    Richards, C. M., 2000 Inbreeding depression and genetic rescue in a plant metapopulation. The American Naturalist 155(3): 383– 394.

    Ritland, K., C. Newton, and H. Marshall, 2001 Inher- itance and population structure of the white-phased “Kermode” black bear. Current Biology 11(18): 1468 – 1472.

    Roberts, R. B., J. R. Ser, and T. D. Kocher, 2009 Sex- ual conflict resolved by invasion of a novel sex determiner in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. Science 326(5955): 998–1001.

    Robertson, A., 1961 Inbreeding in artificial selection programmes. Genet. Res. 2: 189––194.

    Robinson, J. A., D. Ortega-Del Vecchyo, Z. Fan,
    B. Y. Kim, C. D. Marsden, K. E. Lohmueller, R. K. Way n e, and o t h e r s, 2016 Genomic flatlining in the endangered island fox. Current Biology 26(9): 1183–1189.

    Robinson, L. M., J. R. Boland, and J. M. Braverman, 2016 Revisiting a Classic Study of the Molecular Clock. Journal of molecular evolution 82(2-3): 110–116.

    Rosenberg, N. A., J. K. Pritchard, J. L. Weber, H. M. Cann, K. K. Kidd, L. A. Zhivotovsky, and M. W. Feldman, 2002 Genetic structure of human populations. science 298(5602): 2381–2385.

    Ruwende, C., S. C. Khoo, R. W. Snow, S. N. Yates, D. Kwiatkowski, S. Gupta, P. Warn, C. E. Allsopp, S. C. Gilbert, and N. Peschu, 1995, July)Natural selection of hemi- and heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency in Africa by resistance to severe malaria. Nature 376(6537): 246–249.

    Sams, A. J. and A. R. Boyko, 2018a Fine-scale resolution and analysis of runs of homozygosity in domestic dogs. bioRxiv.

    Sams, A. J. and A. R. Boyko, 2018b Fine-Scale Resolution of Runs of Homozygosity Reveal Patterns of Inbreeding and Substan- tial Overlap with Recessive Disease Genotypes in Domestic Dogs. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics: g3–200836.

    Sankararaman, S., N. Patterson, H. Li, S. Pääbo, and D. Reich, 2012, 10)The Date of Interbreeding between Neander- tals and Modern Humans. PLOS Genetics 8(10): 1–9.

    Santiago, E. and A. Caballero, 1995 Effective size of popu- lations under selection. Genetics 139: 1013–1030.

    Santiago, E. and A. Caballero, 1998 Effective size and polymorphism of linked neutral loci in populations under directional selection. Genetics 149: 2105–2117.

    Sattath, S., E. Elyashiv, O. Kolodny, Y. Rinott, and G . S e l l a, 2011a Pervasive adaptive protein evolution apparent in diversity patterns around amino acid substitutions in Drosophila simulans. PLoS genetics 7(2): e1001302.

    Sattath, S., E. Elyashiv, O. Kolodny, Y. Rinott, and G . S e l l a, 2011b Pervasive adaptive protein evolution apparent in diversity patterns around amino acid substitutions in Drosophila simulans. PLoS Genet. 7: e1001302.

    Schemske, D. W. and P. Bierzychudek, 2001 Perspective: evolution of flower color in the desert annual Linanthus parryae: Wright revisited. Evolution 55(7): 1269–1282.

    Seger, J. and H. Brockmann, 1987 Oxford Surveys in Evo- lutionary Biology, Volume 4, Chapter What is bet-hedging, pp. 182–211. Oxford University Press.

    Sella, G., D. A. Petrov, M. Przeworski, and P. An- d o l fat t o, 2009 Pervasive natural selection in the Drosophila genome? PLoS genetics 5(6): e1000495.

    Seuss, D ., 1957 The cat in the hat. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Shapiro, J. A., W. Huang, C. Zhang, M. J. Hubisz, J. Lu, D. A. Turissini, S. Fang, H. Y. Wang, R. R. Hudson, R. Nielsen, Z. Chen, and C. I. Wu, 2007 Adaptive genic evolution in the Drosophila genomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104: 2271–2276.

    Slatkin , M ., 2008 Linkage disequilibrium—understanding the evolutionary past and mapping the medical future. Nature Reviews Genetics 9(6): 477–485.

    Smith, J. N. and A. A. Dhondt, 1980 Experimental confirma- tion of heritable morphological variation in a natural population of song sparrows. Evolution: 1155–1158.

    Smith, J. N. and R. Zach, 1979 Heritability of some morpholog- ical characters in a song sparrow population. Evolution 33(1 Part2): 460–467.

    Smith, T . B ., 1993 Disruptive selection and the genetic basis of bill size polymorphism in the African finch Pyrenestes. Na- ture 363(6430): 618.

    Smithson, A. and M. R. Macnair, 1997 Negative frequency- dependent selection by pollinators on artificial flowers without re- wards. Evolution 51(3): 715–723.

    Soulé, M . E ., 1976 Molecular Evolution, Chapter Allozyme vari- ation, its determinats in space and time, pp. 60–77. Sinauer asso- ciates.

    Stern, A. M., N. L. Novak, N. Lira, K. O’Connor, S. Harlow, and S. Kardia, 2017 California’s sterilization survivors: an estimate and call for redress. American journal of public health 107(1): 50–54.

    Stevens , N . M ., 1905 Studies in Spermatogenesis: With especial reference to the” accessory chromosome”, Volume 36. Carnegie Institution of Washington.

    Stitzer, M. C. and J. Ross-Ibarra, 2018 Maize domestica- tion and gene interaction. Technical report, PeerJ Preprints.

    Stumpf, M. P., Z. Laidlaw, and V. A. Jansen, 2002 Her- pes viruses hedge their bets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(23): 15234–15237.

    Sturtevant, A. H., 1915 The behavior of the chromosomes as studied through linkage. Zeitschrift für induktive Abstammungs-und Vererbungslehre 13(1): 234–287.

    Sweigart, A. L., Y. Brandvain, and L. Fishman, 2019 Making a Murderer: The Evolutionary Framing of Hybrid Gamete- Killers. Trends in Genetics.

    Tabery, J., 2008 RA Fisher, Lancelot Hogben, and the origin (s) of genotype–environment interaction. Journal of the History of Biology 41(4): 717–761.

    Tajima, F., 1989 Statistical method for testing the neutral muta- tion hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. Genetics 123(3): 585–595.

    Tao, Y., L. Araripe, S. B. Kingan, Y. Ke, H. Xiao, and D . L . H a rt l, 2007 A sex-ratio meiotic drive system in Drosophila simulans. II: an X-linked distorter. PLoS biology 5(11): e293.

    Tao, Y., J. P. Masly, L. Araripe, Y. Ke, and D. L. H a rt l, 2007 A sex-ratio meiotic drive system in Drosophila simu- lans. I: an autosomal suppressor. PLoS biology 5(11): e292.

    Tishkoff, S. A., R. Varkonyi, N. Cahinhinan, S. Abbes, G. Argyropoulos, G. Destro-Bisol, A. Drousiotou, B. Dangerfield, G. Lefranc, J. Loiselet, A. Piro, M. Stoneking, A. Tagarelli, G. Tagarelli, E. H. Touma, S. M. Williams, and A. G. Clark, 2001 Haplotype Diversity and Linkage Disequi- librium at Human G6PD: Recent Origin of Alleles That Confer Malarial Resistance. Science 293(5529): 455–462.

    Toews, D. P., S. A. Taylor, R. Vallender, A. Brels- ford, B. G. Butcher, P. W. Messer, and I. J.
    L o v e t t e, 2016 Plumage Genes and Little Else Distinguish the Genomes of Hybridizing Warblers. Current Biology 26(17): 2313 – 2318.

    Trivers, R. L., 1971 The evolution of reciprocal altruism. The Quarterly review of biology 46(1): 35–57.

    Turelli, M., D. W. Schemske, and P. Bierzychudek, 2001 Stable two-allele polymorphisms maintained by fluctuating fitnesses and seed banks: protecting the blues in Linanthus parryae. Evolution 55(7): 1283–1298.

    Tuttle, E. M., A. O. Bergland, M. L. Korody, M. S. Brewer, D. J. Newhouse, P. Minx, M. Stager,
    A. Betuel, Z. A. Cheviron, W. C. Warren, and
    o t h e r s, 2016 Divergence and functional degradation of a sex chromosome-like supergene. Current Biology 26(3): 344–350.

    Ulizzi, L. and L. Terrenato, 1992 Natural selection associated with birth weight. VI. Towards the end of the stabilizing compo- nent. Annals of human genetics 56(2): 113–118.

    UNESCO, 1952 The Race Concept: Results of an Inquiry. Green- wood Press.

    Uyeda, J. C., T. F. Hansen, S. J. Arnold, and J. Pien- aar, 2011 The million-year wait for macroevolutionary bursts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(38): 15908– 15913.

    van’t Hof, A. E., N. Edmonds, M. Dalíková, F. Marec, and I. J. Saccheri, 2011 Industrial melanism in British pep- pered moths has a singular and recent mutational origin. Sci-
    ence 332(6032): 958–960.

    Vermeij, G. J., 1982 Phenotypic evolution in a poorly dispersing snail after arrival of a predator. Nature 299(5881): 349.

    Voight, B. F., A. M. Adams, L. A. Frisse, Y. Qian, R. R. Hudson, and A. Di Rienzo, 2005 Interrogating mul- tiple aspects of variation in a full resequencing data set to infer hu- man population size changes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(51): 18508–18513.

    vonHoldt, B. M., J. P. Pollinger, D. A. Earl, J. C. Knowles, A. R. Boyko, H. Parker, E. Gef- fen, M. Pilot, W. Jedrzejewski, B. Jedrzejew-ska, V. Sidorovich, C. Greco, E. Randi, M. Mu- siani, R. Kays, C. D. Bustamante, E. A. Ostrander, J. Novembre, and R. K. Wayne, 2011 A genome-wide per- spective on the evolutionary history of enigmatic wolf-like canids. Genome Research.

    Wahlund , S ., 1928 Zusammensetzung von Populationen und Ko- rrelationserscheinungen vom Standpunkt der Vererbungslehre aus betrachtet. Hereditas 11(1): 65–106.

    Wang, J., J. Ding, B. Tan, K. M. Robinson, I. H. Michelson, A. Johansson, B. Nystedt, D. G. Scofield, O. Nilsson, S. Jansson, and others, 2018 A major locus controls local adaptation and adaptive life history variation in a perennial plant. Genome biology 19(1): 72.

    Wang, R.-L., A. Stec, J. Hey, L. Lukens, and J. Doe- b l e y, 1999 The limits of selection during maize domestication. Nature 398(6724): 236–239.

    Watterson, G., 1975 On the number of segregating sites in ge- netical models without recombination. Theoretical population biology 7(2): 256–276.

    Weinberg, W., 1908 Über den Nachweis der Vererbung beim Menschen. Jahres. Wiertt. Ver. Vaterl. Natkd. 64: 369–382.

    Weinberg, W., 1909 Über Vererbungsgesetze beim Menschen. Zeitschrift für induktive Abstammungs-und Vererbungslehre 2(1): 276–330.

    Weis, A. E. and W. L. Gorman, 1990 Measuring selection on reaction norms: an exploration of the Eurosta-Solidago system. Evolution 44(4): 820–831.

    Welch, A. M., M. J. Smith, and H. C. Gerhardt, 2014 A multivariate analysis of genetic variation in the advertisement call of the gray treefrog, Hyla versicolor. Evolution 68(6): 1629–1639.

    Wheeler, W. M., 1907 Pink Insect Mutants. The American Naturalist 41(492): 773–780.

    Widemo, F., 1998 Alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff, Philomachus pugnax: a mixed ESS? Animal Behaviour 56(2): 329– 336.

    Wiehe, T. and W. Stephan, 1993a Analysis of a genetic hitch- hiking model, and its application to DNA polymorphism data from Drosophila melanogaster. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10(4): 842–854.

    Wiehe, T. H. and W. Stephan, 1993b Analysis of a genetic hitchhiking model, and its application to DNA polymorphism data from Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10: 842–854.

    Wilkinson, G. S., 1984 Reciprocal food sharing in the vampire bat. Nature 308(5955): 181–184.

    Wilkinson, G. S., 1993 Artificial sexual selection alters allometry in the stalk-eyed fly Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni (Diptera: Diopsidae). Genetics Research 62(3): 213–222.

    Williams, G. C ., 1966 Adaptation and Natural Selection. Prince- ton.

    Williams, K.-A. and P. S. Pennings, 2019 Drug resistance evolution in HIV in the late 1990s: hard sweeps, soft sweeps, clonal interference and the accumulation of drug resistance mutations. bioRxiv.

    Wisely, S. M., S. W. Buskirk, M. A. Fleming, D. B. McDonald, and E. A. Ostrander, 2002 Genetic Diversity and Fitness in Black-Footed Ferrets Before and During a Bottle- neck. Journal of Heredity 93(4): 231–237.

    Wright, K. M., U. Hellsten, C. Xu, A. L. Jeong, A. Sreedasyam, J. A. Chapman, J. Schmutz, G. Coop, D. S. Rokhsar, and J. H. Willis, 2015 Adaptation to heavy-metal contaminated environments proceeds via selection on pre-existing genetic variation. bioRxiv: 029900.

    Wright, S., 1931 Evolution in Mendelian populations. Genetics 16(2): 97.

    Wright , S ., 1932 The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding, and selection in evolution, Volume 1. na.

    Wright, S., 1943 Isolation by Distance. Genetics 28(2): 114–138. W r i g h t , S ., 1949 The Genetical Structure of Populations. Annals of Eugenics 15(1): 323–354.

    Wright, S. and T. Dobzhansky, 1946 Genetics of natural populations. XII. Experimental reproduction of some of the changes caused by natural selection in certain populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 31(2): 125.

    Wright, S. I., I. V. Bi, S. G. Schroeder, M. Yamasaki, J. F. Doebley, M. D. McMullen, and B. S. Gaut, 2005 The Effects of Artificial Selection on the Maize Genome. Science 308(5726): 1310–1314.

    Yang, Z., 1998 Likelihood ratio tests for detecting positive selection and application to primate lysozyme evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15(5): 568–573.

    Zuckerkandl, E. and L. Pauling, 1965 Evolutionary diver- gence and convergence in proteins. In Evolving genes and proteins, pp. 97–166. Elsevier.


    This page titled 16: Bibliography is shared under a CC BY 3.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Graham Coop via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.

    • Was this article helpful?