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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non-Majors_I_(Lumen)/13%3A_Modern_Biology/13.02%3A_Key_TechnologiesIn the bacterial context, the fragment of DNA from the human genome (or the genome of another organism that is being studied) is referred to as foreign DNA, or a transgene, to differentiate it from th...In the bacterial context, the fragment of DNA from the human genome (or the genome of another organism that is being studied) is referred to as foreign DNA, or a transgene, to differentiate it from the DNA of the bacterium, which is called the host DNA.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non-Majors_I_(Lumen)/06%3A_Metabolic_Pathways/6.07%3A_Connections_to_Other_Metabolic_PathwaysIf these cells reproduced successfully and their numbers climbed steadily, it follows that the cells would begin to deplete the nutrients from the medium in which they lived, as they shifted the nutri...If these cells reproduced successfully and their numbers climbed steadily, it follows that the cells would begin to deplete the nutrients from the medium in which they lived, as they shifted the nutrients into their own cells. When the full process of photosynthesis as we know it developed and the atmosphere became oxygenated, cells were finally able to use the oxygen expelled by photosynthesis to extract more energy from the sugar molecules using the citric acid cycle.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Lumen_Learning/Biology_for_Non-Majors_I_(Lumen)/11%3A_Trait_Inheritance/11.04%3A_Heredity_and_DiseaseNotwithstanding the importance of family history to help define occurrence of a genetic disorder within a family, it should be noted that some genetic diseases are caused by spontaneous mutations, suc...Notwithstanding the importance of family history to help define occurrence of a genetic disorder within a family, it should be noted that some genetic diseases are caused by spontaneous mutations, such as for single gene disorders like Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hemophilia A, as well as for most cases of Down syndrome, chromosomal deletion syndromes, and other chromosomal disorders.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Environmental_Biology_(Fisher)/11%3A_Conventional__Sustainable_Energy/11.01%3A_Challenges_and_Impacts_of_Energy_UseThe environmental impacts of energy use on humans and the planet can happen anywhere during the life cycle of the energy source. They continue with the processing, purification or manufacture of the s...The environmental impacts of energy use on humans and the planet can happen anywhere during the life cycle of the energy source. They continue with the processing, purification or manufacture of the source; its transportation to place of energy generation, and ends with the disposal of waste generated during use.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Folsom_Lake_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Panoutsopoulos)/04%3A_Microbial_Growth_and_Metabolism/4.04%3A_Microbial_MetabolismThe term used to describe all of the chemical reactions inside a cell is metabolism. Throughout earth’s history, microbial metabolism has been a driving force behind the development and maintenance of...The term used to describe all of the chemical reactions inside a cell is metabolism. Throughout earth’s history, microbial metabolism has been a driving force behind the development and maintenance of the planet’s biosphere. Prokaryotes can metabolize a wide range of organic as well as inorganic matter, from complex organic molecules like cellulose to inorganic molecules and ions. By metabolizing such substances, microbes chemically convert them to other forms.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_342%3A_The_New_Plagues_-_New_and_Ancient_Infectious_Diseases_Threatening_World_Health_(Hughes)/06%3A_Week_6/11%3A_Digestive_System_Infections/11.01%3A_Anatomy_and_Normal_Microbiota_of_the_Digestive_SystemThe human digestive system, or the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, begins with the mouth and ends with the anus. The parts of the mouth include the teeth, the gums, the tongue, the oral vestibule (the sp...The human digestive system, or the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, begins with the mouth and ends with the anus. The parts of the mouth include the teeth, the gums, the tongue, the oral vestibule (the space between the gums, lips, and teeth), and the oral cavity proper (the space behind the teeth and gums). Other parts of the GI tract are the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Fish_Fishing_and_Conservation/zz%3A_Back_Matter/10%3A_Index
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_2e_(OpenStax)/05%3A_Unit_V-_Biological_Diversity/5.07%3A_Introduction_to_Animal_Diversity/5.7.06%3A_Key_Termstype of symmetry in which there is only one plane of symmetry, so the left and right halves of an animal are mirror images blastopore during development of protostomes, a solid mass of mesoderm splits...type of symmetry in which there is only one plane of symmetry, so the left and right halves of an animal are mirror images blastopore during development of protostomes, a solid mass of mesoderm splits apart and forms the hollow opening of the coelom spiral cleavage cells of one pole of the embryo are rotated or misaligned with respect to the cells of the opposite pole triploblast
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_2e_(OpenStax)/08%3A_Unit_VIII-_Ecology/8.01%3A_Ecology_and_the_Biosphere/8.1.07%3A_Key_Terms(also, benthic zone) part of the ocean that extends along the ocean bottom from the shoreline to the deepest parts of the ocean floor biogeography part of the ocean that extends from low tide to the e...(also, benthic zone) part of the ocean that extends along the ocean bottom from the shoreline to the deepest parts of the ocean floor biogeography part of the ocean that extends from low tide to the edge of the continental shelf net primary productivity measurement of the energy accumulation within an ecosystem, calculated as the total amount of carbon fixed per year minus the amount that is oxidized during cellular respiration ocean upwelling
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_2e_(OpenStax)/05%3A_Unit_V-_Biological_Diversity/5.03%3A_Protists/5.3.02%3A_Eukaryotic_OriginsLiving things fall into three large groups: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The first two have prokaryotic cells, and the third contains all eukaryotes. A relatively sparse fossil record is available ...Living things fall into three large groups: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The first two have prokaryotic cells, and the third contains all eukaryotes. A relatively sparse fossil record is available to help discern what the first members of each of these lineages looked like, so it is possible that all the events that led to the last common ancestor of extant eukaryotes will remain unknown. However, comparative biology of extant organisms and the limited fossil record provide some insight.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_2e_(OpenStax)/04%3A_Unit_IV-_Evolutionary_Processes/4.02%3A_The_Evolution_of_PopulationsNatural selection acts to promote traits and behaviors that increase an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction, while eliminating those traits and behaviors that are to the organism’s detrime...Natural selection acts to promote traits and behaviors that increase an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction, while eliminating those traits and behaviors that are to the organism’s detriment. The introduction of novel traits and behaviors falls on the shoulders of another evolutionary force—mutation. Mutation and other sources of variation among individuals, as well as the evolutionary forces that act upon them, alter populations and species.
