Genetics
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- 11553
- Book: Online Open Genetics (Nickle & Barrette-Ng)
- 1: Overview, DNA, and Genes
- 2: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis
- 2.1: DNA is Packaged into Chromatin
- 2.2: Mitosis
- 2.3: Meiosis
- 2.4: The Cell Cycle and Changes in DNA Content
- 2.5: Karyotypes Describe Chromosome Number and Structure
- 2.6: Polyploidy Arises from Changes in Whole Sets of Chromosomes
- 2.7: Endoreduplication
- 2.8: Gene Balance
- 2.9: Organellar Genomes
- 2.E: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis (Exercises)
- 2.S: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis (Summary)
- 3: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes
- 3.1: Mendel’s First Law
- 3.2: Relationships Between Genes, Genotypes and Phenotypes
- 3.3: Biochemical Basis of Dominance
- 3.4: Crossing Techniques Used in Classical Genetics
- 3.5: Sex-Linkage: An Exception to Mendel’s First Law
- 3.6: Phenotypes May Not Be As Expected from the Genotype
- 3.7: Phenotypic Ratios May Not Be As Expected
- 3.E: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes (Exercises)
- 3.S: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes (Summary)
- 4: Mutation and Variation
- 4.1: Mutation and Polymorphism
- 4.2: Origins of Mutations
- 4.3: Genetic screening for mutations: Forward genetics
- 4.4: Types of Mutations
- 4.5: Some mutations may not have detectable phenotypes
- 4.6: Complementation tests and Allelism
- 4.7: Example of Human Mutations
- 4.E: Mutation and Variation (Exercises)
- 4.S: Mutation and Variation (Summary)
- 5: Pedigrees and Populations
- 6: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes
- 7: Linkage and Mapping
- 8: Techniques of Molecular Genetics
- 8.0: Prelude to Molecular Genetics
- 8.1: Isolating Genomic DNA
- 8.2: Isolating or Detecting a Specific Sequence by PCR
- 8.3: Cutting and Pasting DNA: Restriction Digests and DNA Ligation
- 8.4: Cloning DNA - Plasmid Vectors
- 8.5: DNA Analysis - Gel Electrophoresis
- 8.6: DNA Analysis: Blotting and Hybridization
- 8.7: Transgenic organisms
- 8.S: Techniques of Molecular Genetics (Summary)
- 8E: Techniques of Molecular Genetics (Exercises)
- 9: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure
- 10: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits
- 10.1: Some Variations in the Genome Affect Complex Traits
- 10.2: Origins of Molecular Polymorphisms
- 10.3: Classification and Detection of Molecular Markers
- 10.4: Applications of Molecular Markers
- 10.5: Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) Analysis
- 10.E: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits (Exercises)
- 10.S: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits (Summary)
- 11: Genomics and Systems Biology
- 12: Regulation of Gene Expression
- 13: Cancer Genetics
- 13.1: Classification of Cancers
- 13.2: Cancer Cell Biology
- 13.3: Hallmarks of Cancer
- 13.4: Mutagens and Carcinogens
- 13.5: Oncogenes
- 13.6: Tumor Suppressor Genes
- 13.7: The “Poster Boy” of Genetic Research Leading to a Cancer Treatment – Gleevec™ (Imatinib)
- 13.E: Cancer Genetics (Exercises)
- 13.S: Cancer Genetics (Summary)
- Appendix 1 – Simple Nomenclature
- Book: Working with Molecular Genetics (Hardison)
- Unit I: Genes, Nucleic Acids, Genomes and Chromosomes
- 1: Fundamental Properties of Genes
- 1.1: Introduction to Genes
- 1.2: Genes are the Units of Heredity: Mendel's Laws
- 1.3: Properties of Genes
- 1.4: Complementation and Recombination
- 1.E: Fundamental Properties of Genes (Exercises)
- 1.S: Additional Readings (Summary)
- Central Dogma: DNA to RNA to protein
- Finding the Functions of Genes
- Genetic Methods in Microorganisms
- 2: Structures of Nucleic Acids
- 3: Isolating and Analyzing Genes
- 3.1: Recombinant DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction and Applications to Eukaryotic Gene Structure and Function
- 3.2: Overview of Recombinant DNA Technology
- 3.3: Introduction of recombinant DNA into cell and replication: Vectors
- 3.4: Introducting Recombinant DNA into Host Cells
- 3.5: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- 3.6: cDNA
- 3.7: Genomic DNA clones
- 3.8: Eukaryotic Gene Structure
- 3.9: Introns and Exons
- 3.10: Functional analysis of isolated genes
- 3.E: Isolating and Analyzing Genes (Exercises)
- 4: Genomes and Chromosomes
- 4.1: Reassociation kinetics measure sequence complexity
- 4.2: Analysis of Renaturation curves with Multiple Components
- 4.3: RNA Abundance
- 4.4: Genome Analysis by Large Scale Sequencing
- 4.5: Sizes of genomes - The C‑value paradox
- 4.6: Large Scale Genome Organization
- 4.7: Comparative Genome Analysis
- 4.E: Genomes and Chromosomes (Exercises)
- 4.S: Genomes and Chromosomes (Summary)
- 1: Fundamental Properties of Genes
- Unit II: Replication, Maintenance and Alteration of the Genetic Material
- 5. DNA replication I: Enzymes and mechanism
- 5.E: DNA replication I: Enzymes and Mechanism (Exercises)
- Basic Mechanisms of Replication
- Biochemical and Genetic Identifcation of Enzymes
- DNA Primers for Synthesis
- DNA Synthesis is Semi-discontinuous
- DNA topology during replication
- Eukaryotic Replication Proteins
- Non-polymerases Enzyees needed for Replication
- Polymerases
- Specialized DNA Structures
- The Replisome
- 6. DNA replication II: Start, stop and control
- 6.1: The Replicon
- 6.2: Structural analysis of pulse-labeled DNA molecules
- 6.3: Two‑dimensional gels to analyze the number and position of replication origins
- 6.4: Replication landscape in E. coli
- 6.E: DNA replication II: Start, stop and control (Exercises)
- Control of initiation at oriC by methylation
- Linear Templates
- Replication in Bacteria
- Replication in Eukaryotes
- Replication in Yeast
- Stages of DNA synthesis
- 7: Mutation and Repair of DNA
- 8: Recombination of DNA
- 8.1: Types and Examples of Recombination
- 8.2: Detecting Recombination
- 8.3: Meiotic Recombination
- 8.4: Advantages of Genetic Recombination
- 8.5: Evidence for Heteroduplexes from Recombination in Fungi
- 8.6: Holliday Model for General Recombination - Single Strand Invasion
- 8.7: Double-strand-break model for Recombination
- 8.8: Enzymes required for recombination in E. coli
- 8.9: Generation of Single Strands
- 8.10: Synapsis and Invasion of Single Strands
- 8.11: Branch Migration
- 8.12: Resolution
- 8.E: Recombination of DNA (Exercises)
- 9. Transposition of DNA
- 9.1: Transposable Elements (Transposons)
- 9.2: Are Transposons Parasites or Symbionts?
- 9.5: Transposition occurs by Insertion into Staggered Breaks
- 9.6: Classes of Transposable Elements
- 9.E: Transposition of DNA (Exercises)
- Additional consequences of transposition
- Dissociation Elements
- Mechanism of DNA-mediated transposition
- Mechanism of Retrotransposition
- Unstable Alleles
- 5. DNA replication I: Enzymes and mechanism
- Unit III: The Pathway of Gene Expression
- 10: Transcription: RNA polymerases
- 11: Transcription: Promoters, terminators and mRNA
- 12: RNA processing
- 12.0: Overview of RNA Processing
- 12.1: Cutting and Trimming RNA
- 12.2: Modifications at the 5' and 3' ends of mRNA
- 12.3: Multiple Mechanisms are Used for Splicing Different Types of Introns
- 12.4: Self‑splicing by group I introns (pre‑rRNA of Tetrahymena)
- 12.5: RNAs Can Function as Enzymes
- 12.6: Splicing of introns in pre‑mRNAs
- 12.7: Splicing of group II introns
- 12.8: Alternative Splicing
- 12.9: RNA editing
- 12.E: RNA Processing (Exercises)
- 13: Genetic code
- 14: Translation (Protein synthesis)
- Unit IV: Regulation of Gene Expression
- 15: Positive and negative control of gene expression
- 16: Transcription regulation via effects on RNA polymerases
- 17: Transcriptional regulation of bacteriophage lambda
- 18: Transcriptional regulation after initiation
- 19: Transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes
- 20: Transcriptional regulation via chromatin alterations
- Unit I: Genes, Nucleic Acids, Genomes and Chromosomes
Fri, 13 Jul 2018 07:43:56 GMT
Genetics
- Book: Online Open Genetics (Nickle & Barrette-Ng)
- Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. It includes the study of genes, themselves, how they function, interact, and produce the visible and measurable characteristics we see in individuals and populations of species as they change from one generation to the next, over time, and in different environments.
- 1: Overview, DNA, and Genes
- 2: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis
- 3: Genetic Analysis of Single Genes
- 4: Mutation and Variation
- 5: Pedigrees and Populations
- 6: Genetic Analysis of Multiple Genes
- 7: Linkage and Mapping
- 8: Techniques of Molecular Genetics
- 9: Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure
- 10: Molecular Markers and Quantitative Traits
- 11: Genomics and Systems Biology
- 12: Regulation of Gene Expression
- 13: Cancer Genetics
- Appendix 1 – Simple Nomenclature
Thumbnail: DNA double helix. Image used with permission (public domain; NIH - Genome Research Institute).