18: Nitrogen - Amino Acid Catabolism
- Page ID
- 15038
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- 18.1: The Biochemistry of Nitrogen in the Biosphere
- The document explores the nitrogen cycle from a biochemical perspective, covering key reactions such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification. It discusses the challenges and impacts of industrial nitrogen fixation through the Haber-Bosch process, thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, and the role of microorganisms in these transformations.
- 18.2: Metabolic Fates of Amino Groups
- The page provides an in-depth examination of metabolic pathways involving ammonia/ammonium, focusing on amino acid catabolism. It outlines the key processes and enzymatic roles in the production of ammonia from amino acids such as glutamine, glutamic acid, and alanine. The text highlights the importance of transaminases in transferring amino groups and discusses the safe transport mechanisms of ammonium equivalents in the body.
- 18.3: Nitrogen Excretion and the Urea Cycle
- The page provides an overview of the urea cycle's critical role in the detoxification of ammonia in the liver by converting it into urea for excretion. It highlights the cycle's importance in maintaining nitrogen balance and preventing hyperammonemia, which impacts metabolic and neurological functions. Key enzymes involved in the urea cycle are detailed, emphasizing their mechanisms and roles.
- 18.4: An overview of amino acid metabolism and the role of Cofactors
- This page presents a comprehensive breakdown of amino acid metabolism, covering the pathways involved in amino acid catabolism, the categorization of amino acids as glucogenic or ketogenic, the role of key cofactors in these metabolic processes, and the involvement of amino acids in one-carbon metabolism through cycles like folate and methionine.
- 18.5: Pathways of Amino Acid Degradation
- The page provides an in-depth overview and analysis of amino acid degradation, focusing on pathways and mechanisms involved. It discusses the significance of amino acid catabolism in energy production, nitrogen balance, regulation, and physiological implications. Key points include distinguishing glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids, integration into central metabolism, enzymes involved, and the regulation of catabolic pathways under varying metabolic states.