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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/15%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/15.07%3A_Sexual_ReproductionThis page describes sexual reproduction, highlighting the process of anisogamy where two distinct gametes, male (sperm) and female (egg), unite to create a new individual. It notes that in most eukary...This page describes sexual reproduction, highlighting the process of anisogamy where two distinct gametes, male (sperm) and female (egg), unite to create a new individual. It notes that in most eukaryotes, the sperm is small and motile, while the egg is larger and serves as nourishment for the developing embryo, fulfilling the different needs for mobility and nutritional support during embryonic development.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/19%3A_The_Diversity_of_LifeThis page outlines classifications of eukaryotic life, covering topics such as taxonomy, protists, plants, fungi, and invertebrates. It highlights model organisms like Arabidopsis thaliana and Drosoph...This page outlines classifications of eukaryotic life, covering topics such as taxonomy, protists, plants, fungi, and invertebrates. It highlights model organisms like Arabidopsis thaliana and Drosophila melanogaster, and includes a discussion on bacteria, archaea, and viruses. Notable pathogens like E. coli and anthrax are addressed, along with the rapid identification of microorganisms and the importance of viruses such as influenza and smallpox.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.05%3A_Plant_Development_-_Hormones/16.5A%3A_Abscisic_acid_(ABA)This page discusses the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in plant adaptation to stress. ABA is essential for various stress responses, including closing stomata during drought, protecting against dehydrati...This page discusses the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in plant adaptation to stress. ABA is essential for various stress responses, including closing stomata during drought, protecting against dehydration, and regulating seed dormancy. It aids in root growth, leaf, and fruit abscission, and influences seedling growth and apical dominance by inhibiting lateral bud development, underscoring its importance for plant survival in challenging environments.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.02%3A_Plant_Physiology/16.2C%3A_TranspirationThis page discusses transpiration, the evaporation of water from plants, mainly through leaf stomata during photosynthesis. It highlights the necessity of replacing lost water via xylem transport from...This page discusses transpiration, the evaporation of water from plants, mainly through leaf stomata during photosynthesis. It highlights the necessity of replacing lost water via xylem transport from roots and notes the benefits of transpiration, such as aiding photosynthesis and cooling. Environmental factors like light, temperature, humidity, wind, and soil water availability influence transpiration rates.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/07%3A_Cell_Division/7.04%3A_PolyploidyThis page discusses polyploidy, the condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes, mainly observed in plants like wheat and sugar cane. It can occur naturally through errors in gamete formatio...This page discusses polyploidy, the condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes, mainly observed in plants like wheat and sugar cane. It can occur naturally through errors in gamete formation or be induced artificially. Polyploidy can lead to speciation, with hybrids often sterile while polyploid plants remain fertile. Although rare in animals, some instances, such as a tetraploid rat, have been recorded.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_102_Laboratory_Manual%3A_Biology_of_Plants_and_Animals_(Ray_and_Jones)/00%3A_Front_Matter/01%3A_TitlePageBiology 102 Laboratory Manual: Biology of Plants and Animals (Ray and Jones)
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.04%3A_Plant_Development_-_Fundamentals/16.4A%3A_Plant_GrowthThis page explains that plant growth occurs mainly at meristems through rapid cell division, particularly in stems where the apical meristem at the shoot apex contributes to elongation and leaf produc...This page explains that plant growth occurs mainly at meristems through rapid cell division, particularly in stems where the apical meristem at the shoot apex contributes to elongation and leaf production. Lateral buds generate new branches, and under certain conditions, the apical meristem may develop into a flower bud, stopping further stem growth.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.03%3A_Reproduction_in_Plants/16.3E%3A_Asexual_Reproduction_in_PlantsThis page explains asexual reproduction, prevalent in plants and some animals, involving methods like stolons and parthenogenesis. It notes commercial techniques such as grafting and apomixis that pre...This page explains asexual reproduction, prevalent in plants and some animals, involving methods like stolons and parthenogenesis. It notes commercial techniques such as grafting and apomixis that preserve traits. In contrast, sexual reproduction promotes genetic diversity, enhancing adaptability and resilience against environmental changes and parasites, which is illustrated through studies on organisms like C. elegans.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Virginia_Cooperative_Extension_Gardener_Handbook/01%3A_BotanyThis page covers the structure and functions of plant cells, anatomy, and taxonomy, focusing on flowering plants. Key topics include the evolution of gymnosperms and angiosperms, various plant structu...This page covers the structure and functions of plant cells, anatomy, and taxonomy, focusing on flowering plants. Key topics include the evolution of gymnosperms and angiosperms, various plant structures like stems, leaves, buds, and roots, as well as reproductive anatomy of flowers and fruits. The importance of environmental factors in growth processes like absorption and photosynthesis is discussed.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.02%3A_Plant_Physiology/16.2A%3A_XylemThis page discusses how plants absorb water and nutrients through their roots, which travel to leaves via the xylem, primarily driven by transpiration. This process creates tension that can lead to ca...This page discusses how plants absorb water and nutrients through their roots, which travel to leaves via the xylem, primarily driven by transpiration. This process creates tension that can lead to cavitation. Additionally, it explains root pressure, which can cause sap to ooze from stems, illustrated by the sugar maple's spring behavior.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.02%3A_Plant_Physiology/16.2F%3A_TropismsThis page explains tropisms in plants, which are growth movements influenced by external stimuli. There are positive (toward the stimulus) and negative (away from the stimulus) tropisms, with key type...This page explains tropisms in plants, which are growth movements influenced by external stimuli. There are positive (toward the stimulus) and negative (away from the stimulus) tropisms, with key types being phototropism (light) and gravitropism (gravity). Stems grow towards light (positively phototropic) and away from gravity (negatively gravitropic), while roots do the opposite.
