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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/05%3A_Protein_Function/5.02%3A_Techniques_to_Measure_BindingIt is often essential to determine the KD for a ML complex since given that number and the concentrations of M and L in the system, we can then predict if M is bound under physiological conditions. Ag...It is often essential to determine the KD for a ML complex since given that number and the concentrations of M and L in the system, we can then predict if M is bound under physiological conditions. Again, this is important since whether M is bound or free will govern its activity. To determine KD, you need to determine ML and L at equilibrium. How can we differentiate free from bound ligand? The following techniques allow such a differentiation.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/32%3A_Biochemistry_and_Climate_Change/32.09%3A__Part_2_-_Biohydrogen_An_IntroductionThis page covers the fundamentals of biohydrogen and its role as a renewable energy source in a low-carbon future. It outlines various biochemical pathways for hydrogen production, including microbial...This page covers the fundamentals of biohydrogen and its role as a renewable energy source in a low-carbon future. It outlines various biochemical pathways for hydrogen production, including microbial and algal processes, highlighting key enzymes and microorganisms involved. The comparison between dark fermentation and photobiological hydrogen production is presented with emphasis on process parameters affecting yields.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/Unit_IV_-_Special_Topics/32%3A_Biochemistry_and_Climate_Change/32.01B%3A_Part_1_-_Back_to_the_Present_and_Future_of_Climate_ChangeThis page explores the intersection of biochemistry and climate science, focusing on how biochemical principles underpin climate change. It sets learning goals for students to relate biochemical conce...This page explores the intersection of biochemistry and climate science, focusing on how biochemical principles underpin climate change. It sets learning goals for students to relate biochemical concepts to climate processes, identify greenhouse gases and their biochemical pathways, and interpret climate data. The content emphasizes the biochemical basis of feedback loops, the impact of climate change on ecosystems, and examines mitigation strategies.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/06%3A_Enzyme_Activity/6.05A%3A_Enzyme_Reaction_Mechanisms_-_Arrow_PushingThis page outlines learning goals for biochemistry students on enzyme catalysis, covering mechanisms and roles of enzymes, particularly focusing on serine proteases like chymotrypsin and their catalyt...This page outlines learning goals for biochemistry students on enzyme catalysis, covering mechanisms and roles of enzymes, particularly focusing on serine proteases like chymotrypsin and their catalytic strategies. It details the function of magnesium in phosphate transfer, the classification of proteases, and the mechanisms of specific enzymes like carboxypeptidase A and lysozyme.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/12%3A_Bioenergetics_and_Biochemical_Reaction_Types/12.01%3A_Biochemical_Reactions_and_Energy_ChangesThe page outlines key learning goals for biochemistry majors, focusing on understanding free energy reaction diagrams, oxidation numbers, and the reactivity of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid ...The page outlines key learning goals for biochemistry majors, focusing on understanding free energy reaction diagrams, oxidation numbers, and the reactivity of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid derivatives. It aims to help students analyze reaction energetics, distinguish nucleophilicity from basicity, and apply these concepts to metabolic and enzymatic processes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/03%3A_Unit_III-_Information_Pathway/25%3A_RNA_Metabolism/25.03%3A_RNA-Dependent_Synthesis_of_RNA_and_DNAThe text discusses RNA-dependent polymerization, focusing on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) and reverse transcriptases (RNA-dependent DNA polymerases). It explores their roles in viral genome re...The text discusses RNA-dependent polymerization, focusing on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) and reverse transcriptases (RNA-dependent DNA polymerases). It explores their roles in viral genome replication and retrotransposition, explaining the mechanisms of RNA synthesis by RdRp, structure and function of viral polymerases, challenges in fidelity during replication, and the evolutionary implications of error-prone replication.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/12%3A_Bioenergetics_and_Biochemical_Reaction_Types/12.02%3A_Phosphoryl_Group_Transfers_and_ATPThis page provides learning goals for biochemistry majors, focusing on ATP hydrolysis and high-energy reactions. Key objectives include understanding ATP hydrolysis mechanisms, identifying intermediat...This page provides learning goals for biochemistry majors, focusing on ATP hydrolysis and high-energy reactions. Key objectives include understanding ATP hydrolysis mechanisms, identifying intermediates, comparing reactions with high-energy compounds, and illustrating enzyme roles. Students learn about thermodynamics, reaction spontaneity, and energy coupling in cellular processes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/02%3A_Unit_II-_Bioenergetics_and_Metabolism/12%3A_Bioenergetics_and_Biochemical_Reaction_Types/12.04%3A_Biological_Oxidation-Reduction_ReactionsThe page outlines learning goals and detailed discussions on various biochemical redox reactions, focusing on biological oxidizing enzymes such as dehydrogenases, monooxygenases, dioxygenases, and oxi...The page outlines learning goals and detailed discussions on various biochemical redox reactions, focusing on biological oxidizing enzymes such as dehydrogenases, monooxygenases, dioxygenases, and oxidases. It explains the roles of NAD and FAD as electron carriers, their interaction with substrates, and the specific mechanisms involved in biochemical transformations.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/06%3A_Enzyme_Activity/6.08%3A__Cofactors_and_Catalysis__-_A_Little_Help_From_My_FriendsThis page provides an in-depth look at the function of cofactors in enzyme-catalyzed reactions, emphasizing their role in facilitating electron flow during chemical transformations. Cofactors are divi...This page provides an in-depth look at the function of cofactors in enzyme-catalyzed reactions, emphasizing their role in facilitating electron flow during chemical transformations. Cofactors are divided into two categories: metals and coenzymes, with metal cofactors often aiding in catalytic activity through electron transport and stabilization of transition states.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/06%3A_Enzyme_Activity/6.05B%3A_Quantitative_Analysis_of_Enzyme_Reaction_Mechanisms_-_Serine_ProteasesThis page explores enzyme mechanisms, focusing on serine proteases like chymotrypsin, and how structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic factors influence catalysis. It covers the reaction dynamics, enzym...This page explores enzyme mechanisms, focusing on serine proteases like chymotrypsin, and how structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic factors influence catalysis. It covers the reaction dynamics, enzyme efficiency improvements, and the effects of inhibitors and solvents on enzyme activity. Insights include the importance of conformational flexibility, the effect of nonpolar solvents for catalysis, and thermodynamic factors affecting the stability of bound and transition state analog ligands.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/06%3A_Enzyme_Activity/6.01%3A_How_Enzymes_WorkThe page outlines the fundamental principles of enzyme catalysis, describing how enzymes lower activation energies and stabilize transition states. It emphasizes various catalytic mechanisms such as a...The page outlines the fundamental principles of enzyme catalysis, describing how enzymes lower activation energies and stabilize transition states. It emphasizes various catalytic mechanisms such as acid-base, covalent, and metal ion catalysis. The page also examines the role of enzyme structure in function, the importance of binding energy, and the interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics in enzyme reactions.
