3.5.2: Types of Ascocarps
- Page ID
- 35312
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Apothecium
Apothecia are cup-shaped with the hymenium fully exposed (lining the interior of the cup), though this can be inverted and take on strange shapes (see Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)).
![A cluster of bright pink apothecia, almost fully closed, stalked, and covered in fuzzy white hairs](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45242/1.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&height=290)
![Flat yellow disc-like apothecia growing on a branch](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45243/2.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=392&height=295)
![Several yellow jelly discs with black asci visible](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45244/3.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=385&height=311)
![A cup fungus that has split into a star-like shape](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45245/4.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=438&height=328)
![Three apothecia with a more standard cup shape](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/26828/Urnula_apothecia.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=490&height=419)
![Two fruiting bodies with inverted apothecia held aloft on stalks](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/26829/Helvella_apothecia.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&height=520)
![Two fruiting bodies with a distinct stalk and an orange, tongue-like inverted apothecium](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45246/5.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=635&height=357)
Perithecium
A flask-shaped fruiting structures, often microscopic and/or embedded within either the substrate it is fruiting in or a fungal structure called a stroma.
![Long section through a perithecium](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/30298/EB1911_Fungi_-_Perithecium_of_Podospora_fimiseda.jpg?revision=1)
![A perithecium that has been squished to reveal the asci](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45247/6.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&height=400)
![Asci from the perithecium in the previous picture. Each large ascus contains 20+ ascospores.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45248/7.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=396&height=398)
![A single, hairy perithecium sits atop its substrate](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45249/8.jpg?revision=1)
![At least two hairy perithecia are visible here](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45250/9.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=370&height=463)
![fruiting structure of Xylaria. There is a skinny black stalk, then the top half is covered by large, round lumps.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45251/10.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=690&height=552)
![A long section through the Xylaria fruiting structure. The internal tissue is white and surrounds black cavities (the perithecia).](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45252/11.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=456&height=683)
Cleistothecium
A cleistothecium is a fully-enclosed fruiting structure. These typically have bag-like asci. Some split open to release their spores and are called chasmothecia.
![A section through a cleistothecium with an ascus circled](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/27359/Erysiphe_graminis_cleistothecium_Melissa.jpeg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=683&height=524)
![A closed, spherical orange fruiting body with transparent, branching structures emerging from it](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/30299/Cleistothecium_of_powdery_mildew_fungi_Microsphaera_alphitoides_on_the_leave_of_common_oak.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=602&height=603)
![A magnified view of some mycelium on a leaf, showing small spherical stuctures embedded in it.](https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/45254/13.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=562&height=450)