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Biology LibreTexts

7.8: Laboratory Activities and Assignment

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Laboratory Activities and Assignment

Part 1: Review of the Introduction to Skeleton Anatomy

1. Identify and label the bone structures listed using the anatomical model of bone shown below:

  • periosteum
  • endosteum
  • osteon
  • central canal
  • osteocyte in lacuna
  • canaliculus
  • Volkmann's canal
  • circumferential lamellae
  • concentric lamellae
  • trabecula
  • bone marrow

Anatomical model of bone tissue

2. Label the structures of compact bone shown in this microscopic images below in the table. Each image is labeled with the number. Place the corresponding anatomical name in the table below next to the number of the image highlighting that structure.

  • interstitial lamella
  • canaliculi
  • osteocytes
  • concentric lamella
  • osteons (multiple)
  • lacuna
  • central canal
  • osteon (1)

Microscopic  images of compact bone with different structures highlighted.

Microscopic  images of compact bone with different structures highlighted.

Structure #

Structure Name

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

3. Label spongy bone structures shown in this micrograph (arrows):

  • trabecula
  • bone marrow

Microscopic image of spongy bone for labeling.

4. Identify the shape of the bones shown below as: long, short, flat, sesamoid or irregular. Write your answers on the spaces provided.

Bones labeled for labeling with bone shapes.

5. Name five bones of the axial skeleton and five bones of the appendicular skeleton.

Bones of the Axial Skeleton Include:

Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Include:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. Label the anatomy of a long bone with the terms listed below.

  • epiphysis
  • diaphysis
  • articular cartilage
  • epiphyseal line
  • red bone marrow
  • yellow bone marrow
  • periosteum
  • endosteum
  • compact bone
  • spongy bone
  • nutrient foramen

Figure of long bone for labeling

Part 2: Skeletal Histology

  1. Obtain the slides listed below that are available for today’s lab.
  2. Focus on each sample and identify the structures listed for each type of tissue.
  3. Indicate the total magnification you make each illustration at in the space provided.
  4. Illustrate each tissue you observe with the microscope at the magnification you listed.
  5. Label each illustration with the structures listed for each.

Compact Bone

Label the tissue with: osteon, concentric lamella, osteocyte in lacuna, central canal, canaliculi

Location for sample illustration.

Spongy Bone

Label the tissue with: trabeculae, bone marrow

Location for sample illustration.

Hyaline Cartilage

Label the tissue with: chondrocyte, lacuna, matrix

Location for sample illustration.

Elastic Cartilage

Label the tissue with: chondrocyte, lacuna, elastic fibers, matrix

Location for sample illustration.

Fibrocartilage

Label the tissue with: chondrocyte, lacuna, collagen fibers

Location for sample illustration.

Part 3: Bone Shape Classifications

Identify bone shapes

  1. Work in groups of 2-4.
  2. Obtain a disarticulated bone set.
  3. Organize the bones according to shape.
  4. Examine each bone listed below and discuss with your group which shape classification is appropriate for each. You may need to refer your textbook and/or laboratory manual for help identifying each bone.
  5. Write the shape classification for each bone listed in the table below.

Bone Shapes

  • flat bone
  • short bone
  • irregular bone
  • long bone
  • sesamoid bone

Bones

Bone Shape

frontal bone

temporal bone

parietal bone

hyoid bone

vertebra

mandible

sternum

clavicle

scapula

carpal bone

metacarpal

rib

humerus

patella

radius

ulna

sacrum

coccyx

ilium

ischium

pubis

femur

tibia

fibula

calcaneus

metatarsal

phalanx

Part 4: Bone Markings

Identify bone markings

  1. Work in groups of 2-4.
  2. Obtain a disarticulated bone set.
  3. Organize the bones according to shape.
  4. Examine each bone to find bone markings described in this lab exercise. You may need to refer your textbook and/or laboratory manual for help.
  5. Write at least one bone marking found on each bone in the table below.

Some Common Types of Bone Markings

  • angle
  • canal
  • condyle
  • epicondyle
  • facet
  • fissure
  • foramen
  • fossa
  • head
  • meatus
  • neck
  • process
  • protuberance
  • ramus
  • sulcus
  • trochanter
  • tubercle
  • tuberosity

Bones

Markings on the bone

frontal bone

occipital bone

temporal bone

vertebra

mandible

sternum

clavicle

scapula

rib

humerus

radius

ulna

ilium

ischium

pubis

femur

tibia

fibula

Attributions

Part 1: Review of Introduction to Skeleton Anatomy

Part 2: Skeletal Histology

Part 3: Bone Shape Classifications

Part 4: Bone Markings


This page titled 7.8: Laboratory Activities and Assignment is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Rosanna Hartline.

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