Skip to main content

Registration is now open for this year's LibreFest! Join us virtually the week of July 13.

Register here
Biology LibreTexts

7.8: Laboratory Activities and Assignment

  • Page ID
    53609
  • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)

    \( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)

    \( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \(\newcommand{\longvect}{\overrightarrow}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

    Laboratory Activities and Assignment

     

    Part 1: Review of the Introduction to Skeleton Anatomy

    1. Identify and label the bone structures listed using the anatomical model of bone shown below:

    • periosteum
    • endosteum
    • osteon
    • central canal
    • osteocyte in lacuna
    • canaliculus
    • Volkmann's canal
    • circumferential lamellae
    • concentric lamellae
    • trabecula
    • bone marrow

    Anatomical model of bone tissue

    2. Label the structures of compact bone shown in this microscopic images below in the table. Each image is labeled with the number. Place the corresponding anatomical name in the table below next to the number of the image highlighting that structure.

    • interstitial lamella
    • canaliculi
    • osteocytes
    • concentric lamella
    • osteons (multiple)
    • lacuna
    • central canal
    • osteon (1)

    Microscopic  images of compact bone with different structures highlighted.

    Microscopic  images of compact bone with different structures highlighted.

    Structure #

    Structure Name

    1

     

    2

     

    3

     

    4

     

    5

     

    6

     

    7

     

    8

     

    3. Label spongy bone structures shown in this micrograph (arrows):

    • trabecula
    • bone marrow

    Microscopic image of spongy bone for labeling.

    4. Identify the shape of the bones shown below as: long, short, flat, sesamoid or irregular. Write your answers on the spaces provided.

    Bones labeled for labeling with bone shapes.

    5. Name five bones of the axial skeleton and five bones of the appendicular skeleton.

    Bones of the Axial Skeleton Include:

    Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton Include:

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    6. Label the anatomy of a long bone with the terms listed below.

    • epiphysis
    • diaphysis
    • articular cartilage
    • epiphyseal line
    • red bone marrow
    • yellow bone marrow
    • periosteum
    • endosteum
    • compact bone
    • spongy bone
    • nutrient foramen

    Figure of long bone for labeling

     

    Part 2: Skeletal Histology

    1. Obtain the slides listed below that are available for today’s lab.
    2. Focus on each sample and identify the structures listed for each type of tissue.
    3. Indicate the total magnification you make each illustration at in the space provided.
    4. Illustrate each tissue you observe with the microscope at the magnification you listed.
    5. Label each illustration with the structures listed for each.

     

    Compact Bone

    Label the tissue with: osteon, concentric lamella, osteocyte in lacuna, central canal, canaliculi

    Location for sample illustration.

     

    Spongy Bone

    Label the tissue with: trabeculae, bone marrow

    Location for sample illustration.

     

    Hyaline Cartilage

    Label the tissue with: chondrocyte, lacuna, matrix

    Location for sample illustration.

     

    Elastic Cartilage

    Label the tissue with: chondrocyte, lacuna, elastic fibers, matrix

    Location for sample illustration.

     

    Fibrocartilage

    Label the tissue with: chondrocyte, lacuna, collagen fibers

    Location for sample illustration.

     

    Part 3: Bone Shape Classifications

    Identify bone shapes

    1. Work in groups of 2-4.
    2. Obtain a disarticulated bone set.
    3. Organize the bones according to shape.
    4. Examine each bone listed below and discuss with your group which shape classification is appropriate for each. You may need to refer your textbook and/or laboratory manual for help identifying each bone.
    5. Write the shape classification for each bone listed in the table below.

    Bone Shapes

    • flat bone
    • short bone
    • irregular bone
    • long bone
    • sesamoid bone

    Bones

    Bone Shape

    frontal bone

     

    temporal bone

     

    parietal bone

     

    hyoid bone

     

    vertebra

     

    mandible

     

    sternum

     

    clavicle

     

    scapula

     

    carpal bone

     

    metacarpal

     

    rib

     

    humerus

     

    patella

     

    radius

     

    ulna

     

    sacrum

     

    coccyx

     

    ilium

     

    ischium

     

    pubis

     

    femur

     

    tibia

     

    fibula

     

    calcaneus

     

    metatarsal

     

    phalanx

     

     

     

    Part 4: Bone Markings

    Identify bone markings

    1. Work in groups of 2-4.
    2. Obtain a disarticulated bone set.
    3. Organize the bones according to shape.
    4. Examine each bone to find bone markings described in this lab exercise. You may need to refer your textbook and/or laboratory manual for help.
    5. Write at least one bone marking found on each bone in the table below.

    Some Common Types of Bone Markings

    • angle
    • canal
    • condyle
    • epicondyle
    • facet
    • fissure
    • foramen
    • fossa
    • head
    • meatus
    • neck
    • process
    • protuberance
    • ramus
    • sulcus
    • trochanter
    • tubercle
    • tuberosity

    Bones

    Markings on the bone

    frontal bone

     

    occipital bone

     

    temporal bone

     

    vertebra

     

    mandible

     

    sternum

     

    clavicle

     

    scapula

     

    rib

     

    humerus

     

    radius

     

    ulna

     

    ilium

     

    ischium

     

    pubis

     

    femur

     

    tibia

     

    fibula

     

     

     

    Attributions

    Part 1: Review of Introduction to Skeleton Anatomy

    Part 2: Skeletal Histology

    Part 3: Bone Shape Classifications

    Part 4: Bone Markings

     

    Updated 2025.


    This page titled 7.8: Laboratory Activities and Assignment is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Rosanna Hartline.

    • Was this article helpful?