5.6.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 97156
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- anther
- sac-like structure at the tip of the stamen in which pollen grains are produced
- Anthophyta
- phylum to which angiosperms belong
- barcoding
- molecular biology technique in which one or more short gene sequences taken from a well-characterized portion of the genome is used to identify a species
- basal angiosperms
- a group of plants that probably branched off before the separation of monocots and eudicots
- calyx
- whorl of sepals
- carpel
- single unit of the pistil
- conifer
- dominant phylum of gymnosperms with the greatest variety of trees
- corolla
- collection of petals
- cotyledon
- primitive leaf that develops in the zygote; monocots have one cotyledon, and dicots have two cotyledons
- crop
- cultivated plant
- cycad
- gymnosperm that grows in tropical climates and resembles a palm tree; member of the phylum Cycadophyta
- dicot
- (also, eudicot) related group of angiosperms whose embryos possess two cotyledons
- dioecious
- describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are carried on separate specimens
- filament
- thin stalk that links the anther to the base of the flower
- flower
- branches specialized for reproduction found in some seed-bearing plants, containing either specialized male or female organs or both male and female organs
- fruit
- thickened tissue derived from ovary wall that protects the embryo after fertilization and facilitates seed dispersal
- ginkgophyte
- gymnosperm with one extant species, the Ginkgo biloba: a tree with fan-shaped leaves
- gnetophyte
- gymnosperm shrub with varied morphological features that produces vessel elements in its woody tissues; the phylum includes the genera Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia
- gymnosperm
- seed plant with naked seeds (seeds exposed on modified leaves or in cones)
- gynoecium
- (also, carpel) structure that constitutes the female reproductive organ
- heirloom seed
- seed from a plant that was grown historically, but has not been used in modern agriculture on a large scale
- herbaceous
- grass-like plant noticeable by the absence of woody tissue
- herbivory
- consumption of plants by insects and other animals
- integument
- layer of sporophyte tissue that surrounds the megasporangium, and later, the embryo
- megasporocyte
- megaspore mother cell; larger spore that germinates into a female gametophyte in a heterosporous plant
- microsporocyte
- smaller spore that produces a male gametophyte in a heterosporous plant
- monocot
- related group of angiosperms that produce embryos with one cotyledon and pollen with a single ridge
- monoecious
- describes a species in which the male and female reproductive organs are on the same plant
- nectar
- liquid rich in sugars produced by flowers to attract animal pollinators
- ovary
- chamber that contains and protects the ovule or female megasporangium
- ovulate cone
- cone containing two ovules per scale
- ovule
- female gametophyte
- perianth
- part of the plant consisting of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)
- petal
- modified leaf interior to the sepals; colorful petals attract animal pollinators
- pistil
- fused group of carpels
- pollen grain
- structure containing the male gametophyte of the plant
- pollen tube
- extension from the pollen grain that delivers sperm to the egg cell
- pollination
- transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
- progymnosperm
- transitional group of plants that resembled conifers because they produced wood, yet still reproduced like ferns
- seed
- structure containing the embryo, storage tissue, and protective coat
- sepal
- modified leaf that encloses the bud; outermost structure of a flower
- spermatophyte
- seed plant; from the Greek sperm (seed) and phyte (plant)
- stamen
- structure that contains the male reproductive organs
- stigma
- uppermost structure of the carpel where pollen is deposited
- strobilus
- plant structure with a tight arrangement of sporophylls around a central stalk, as seen in cones or flowers; the male strobilus produces pollen, and the female strobilus produces eggs
- style
- long, thin structure that links the stigma to the ovary