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42: The Immune System

Last updated

Mar 6, 2021
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- 41.14: Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions - Other Hormonal Controls for Osmoregulation
- 42.1: Innate Immune Response - Innate Immune Response

Boundless
Boundless

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42.1: Innate Immune Response - Innate Immune Response
The immune system serves to defend against pathogens: microorganisms that attempt to invade and cause disease in a host.
42.2: Innate Immune Response - Physical and Chemical Barriers
The innate immune response has physical and chemical barriers that exist as the first line of defense against infectious pathogens.
42.3: Innate Immune Response - Pathogen Recognition
Upon pathogen entry to the body, the innate immune system uses several mechanisms to destroy the pathogen and any cells it has infected.
42.4: Innate Immune Response - Natural Killer Cells
Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune response that recognize abnormal MHC I molecules on infected/tumor cells and kill them.
42.5: Innate Immune Response - The Complement System
Around 20 soluble proteins comprise the complement system, which helps destroy extracellular microorganisms that have invaded the body.
42.6: Adaptive Immune Response - Antigen-presenting Cells- B and T cells
B and T cells, parts of the adaptive immune response, contain receptors that can identify antigens derived from pathogens.
42.7: Adaptive Immune Response - Humoral Immune Response
The humoral immune response defends against pathogens that are free in the blood by using antibodies against pathogen-specific antigens.
42.8: Adaptive Immune Response - Cell-Mediated Immunity
Cell-mediated immunity involves cytotoxic T cells recognizing infected cells and bringing about their destruction.
42.9: Adaptive Immune Response - Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Mucosal Surfaces
The lymphatic system houses large populations of immune cells which are released upon detection of a pathogen.
42.10: Adaptive Immune Response - Immunological Memory
Immunological memory allows the adaptive immune system to very rapidly clear infections that it has encountered before.
42.11: Adaptive Immune Response - Regulating Immune Tolerance
Immune tolerance of self and harmless antigens occurs by deleting B and T cells that recognize those antigens, often near mucosal surfaces.
42.12: Antibodies - Antibody Structure
Variations in antibody structure allow great diversity of antigen recognition among different antibodies.
42.13: Antibodies - Antibody Functions
Antibodies, part of the humoral immune response, are involved in pathogen detection and neutralization.
42.14: Disruptions in the Immune System - Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system cannot appropriately respond to infections.
42.15: Disruptions in the Immune System - Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivities are maladaptive immune reactions against harmless antigens (allergies) or against self antigens (autoimmunity).

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