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35.1: Neurons and Glial Cells - Introduction
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Neurons and glia coordinate actions and transmit signals in the CNS and PNS.
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35.2: Neurons and Glial Cells - Neurons
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Four major types of neurons transmit signals through the body via specialized structures such as dendrites, axons, and synapses.
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35.3: Neurons and Glial Cells - Glia
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Describe the specific roles that the seven types of glia play in the nervous systems
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35.4: How Neurons Communicate - Nerve Impulse Transmission within a Neuron- Resting Potential
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The resting potential of a neuron is controlled by the difference in total charge between the inside and outside of the cell.
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35.5: How Neurons Communicate - Nerve Impulse Transmission within a Neuron- Action Potential
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Signals are transmitted from neuron to neuron via an action potential, when the axon membrane rapidly depolarizes and repolarizes.
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35.6: How Neurons Communicate - Synaptic Transmission
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Synaptic transmission is a chemical event which is involved in the transmission of the impulse via release, diffusion, receptor binding of neurotransmitter molecules and unidirectional communication between neurons.
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35.7: How Neurons Communicate - Signal Summation
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Signal summation occurs when impulses add together to reach the threshold of excitation to fire a neuron.
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35.8: How Neurons Communicate - Synaptic Plasticity
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Synapses experience plasticity by strengthening or weakening over time.
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35.9: The Nervous System
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The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves).
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35.10: The Central Nervous System - Cerebral Cortex and Brain Lobes
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The cerebral cortex of the brain is divided into four lobes responsible for distinct functions: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
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35.11: The Central Nervous System - Midbrain and Brain Stem
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Regions of the brain other than the cerebral cortex include those involved in sleep, memory, attention, motor coordination, and motivation.
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35.12: The Central Nervous System - Spinal Cord
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The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that is connected to the brain and relays information from the brain to the body and vice versa.
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35.13: The Peripheral Nervous System - Autonomic Nervous System
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The autonomic nervous system, the relay between the CNS and internal organs, is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
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35.14: The Peripheral Nervous System - The Sensory-Somatic Nervous System
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The sensory-somatic nervous system transmits sensory information from the body to the brain and motor movements from the brain to the body.
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35.15: Neurodegenerative Disorders - Introduction
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Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are both neurodegenerative disorders characterized by loss of nervous system functioning.
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35.16: Nervous System Disorders - Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Autism and ADHD
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Autism and ADHD are neurodevelopmental disorders that arise when nervous system development is disrupted. Neurodevelopmental disorders occur when the development of the nervous system is disturbed. There are several different classes of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some, like Down Syndrome, cause intellectual deficits, while others specifically affect communication, learning, or the motor system. Some disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and ADHD disorder, have complex symptoms.
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35.17: Nervous System Disorders - Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Mental Illnesses
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Schizophrenia and depression are just two examples of mental illnesses caused by a disorder of the nervous system.
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35.18: Nervous System Disorders - Other Neurological Disorders
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Epilepsy and stroke are examples of neurological disorders that arise from malfunctions in the nervous system.