4: Cell Structure
- Page ID
- 12474
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 4.1: Studying Cells - Cells as the Basic Unit of Life
- A cell is the smallest unit of a living thing and is the basic building block of all organisms.
- 4.2: Studying Cells - Microscopy
- Microscopes allow for magnification and visualization of cells and cellular components that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
- 4.3: Studying Cells - Cell Theory
- Cell theory states that living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that cells arise from existing cells.
- 4.4: Studying Cells - Cell Size
- Cell size is limited in accordance with the ratio of cell surface area to volume.
- 4.5: Prokaryotic Cells - Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells
- A prokaryote is a simple, unicellular organism that lacks an organized nucleus or other membrane-bound organelle.
- 4.6: Eukaryotic Cells - Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
- A eukaryotic cell has a true membrane-bound nucleus and has other membranous organelles that allow for compartmentalization of functions.
- 4.7: Eukaryotic Cells - The Plasma Membrane and the Cytoplasm
- The plasma membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer that regulates the concentration of substances that can permeate a cell.
- 4.8: Eukaryotic Cells - The Nucleus and Ribosomes
- Found within eukaryotic cells, the nucleus contains the genetic material that determines the entire structure and function of that cell.
- 4.9: Eukaryotic Cells - Mitochondria
- Mitochondria are organelles that are responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule.
- 4.10: Eukaryotic Cells - Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
- Although they are both eukaryotic cells, there are unique structural differences between animal and plant cells.
- 4.11: The Endomembrane System and Proteins - Vesicles and Vacuoles
- Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport.
- 4.12: The Endomembrane System and Proteins - The Endoplasmic Reticulum
- The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and the modification of proteins.
- 4.13: The Endomembrane System and Proteins - The Golgi Apparatus
- The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages materials before they leave the cell to ensure they arrive at the proper destination.
- 4.14: The Endomembrane System and Proteins - Lysosomes
- Lysosomes are organelles that digest macromolecules, repair cell membranes, and respond to foreign substances entering the cell.
- 4.15: The Endomembrane System and Proteins - Peroxisomes
- Peroxisomes neutralize harmful toxins and carry out lipid metabolism and oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids.
- 4.16: The Cytoskeleton - Microfilaments
- Microfilaments, which are the thinnest part of the cytoskeleton, are used to give shape to the cell and support all of its internal parts.
- 4.17: The Cytoskeleton - Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules
- Microtubules are part of the cell’s cytoskeleton, helping the cell resist compression, move vesicles, and separate chromosomes at mitosis.
- 4.18: Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities - Extracellular Matrix of Animal Cells
- The extracellular matrix of animal cells holds cells together to form a tissue and allow tissues to communicate with each other.
- 4.19: Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities - Intercellular Junctions
- Intercellular junctions provide plant and animal cells with the ability to communicate through direct contact.