21: Lipid Biosynthesis
- Page ID
- 15172
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Return to Fundamentals of Biochemistry Search Fundamentals of Biochemistry
- 21.1: Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids
- The page provides comprehensive learning goals for biochemistry majors focused on fatty acid and eicosanoid biosynthesis. It covers the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, key enzymes like fatty acid synthase (FAS), and regulatory mechanisms. Also discussed are eicosanoids like prostaglandins, their biosynthesis from polyunsaturated fatty acids, and enzyme mechanisms catalyzed by cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX).
- 21.2: Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols
- The content provides an in-depth exploration of triacylglycerol biosynthesis, its regulatory mechanisms, and role in energy storage and metabolism across various organisms. It details the enzymatic steps involved in the pathways, such as GPAT, AGPAT, and DGAT, and highlights the significance of lipid droplets in storing energy and sequestering potentially harmful lipids.
- 21.3: Biosynthesis of Membrane Glycerolipids
- This section details the biosynthesis of membrane glycerolipids. It shows how glycerol-3-phosphate is converted into key intermediates—lysophosphatidic and phosphatidic acids—by enzymes such as GPAT, AGPAT, and PAP. Regulatory mechanisms and compartmentalization ensure proper lipid synthesis for membrane structure and function.
- 21.4: Biosynthesis of Membrane Sphingolipids
- This section explores the biosynthesis of membrane sphingolipids—vital components of eukaryotic membranes. It explains how serine and palmitoyl-CoA are converted into sphingolipid precursors via enzyme-catalyzed steps, leading to ceramide and complex sphingolipids that play key roles in cell signaling and membrane structure.
- 21.5: Biosynthesis of Cholesterol and Steroids
- This section examines cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis. It details how acetyl-CoA is converted through enzyme-driven steps into cholesterol—the precursor for essential steroid hormones. Key intermediates and regulatory mechanisms are highlighted to explain their roles in membrane structure and cellular signaling.
- 21.6: Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Isoprenoids
- The page provides a comprehensive overview of isoprenoids, focusing on tocopherols and tocotrienols, which are part of the vitamin E family essential for human health. They function primarily as antioxidants protecting against reactive oxygen species. ??-Tocopherol is highlighted for its unique vitamin E activity in humans, involved in preventing deficiency diseases and influencing gene expression.