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4.4: Key Terms

Last updated

May 29, 2024
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- 4.3: Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
- 4.5: Topic Summary

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biological macromolecule: large molecule necessary for life that is built from smaller organic molecules

dehydration synthesis: (also, condensation) reaction that links monomer molecules, releasing a water molecule for each bond formed

enantiomers: molecules that share overall structure and bonding patterns, but differ in how the atoms are three dimensionally placed such that they are mirror images of each other

enzyme: catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein

functional group: group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon skeleton

geometric isomer: isomer with similar bonding patterns differing in the placement of atoms alongside a double covalent bond

hydrocarbon: molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen

hydrolysis: reaction that causes breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules by utilizing water

isomers: molecules that differ from one another even though they share the same chemical formula

monomer: smallest unit of larger molecules that are polymers

organic molecule: any molecule containing carbon (except carbon dioxide)

polymer: chain of monomer residues that covalent bonds link; polymerization is the process of polymer formation from monomers by condensation

structural isomers: molecules that share a chemical formula but differ in the placement of their chemical bonds

substituted hydrocarbon: hydrocarbon chain or ring containing an atom of another element in place of one of the backbone carbons

valence shell: outermost shell of an atom

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