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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Norco_College/OpenStax_Biology_2e_for_Norco_College/31%3A_Population_and_Community_Ecology/31.07%3A_Community_EcologyPopulations rarely, if ever, live in isolation from populations of other species. In most cases, numerous species share a habitat. The interactions between these populations play a major role in regul...Populations rarely, if ever, live in isolation from populations of other species. In most cases, numerous species share a habitat. The interactions between these populations play a major role in regulating population growth and abundance. All populations occupying the same habitat form a community: populations inhabiting a specific area at the same time. The number of species occupying the same habitat and their relative abundance is known as species diversity.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_14%3A_Introduction_to_Community_EcologyFigure 9: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel,...Figure 9: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel, cordgrass), freshwater (watermilfoil, water-starwort) and terrestrial (Spanish moss, marram grass). (B) Food webs were constructed for both bare and foundation species-dominated replicate areas. (C) From each foundation species structured-food web, nodes (species) were randomly removed until the s…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/BIOL-11B_Clovis_Community_College/19%3A_Population_and_Community_Ecology/19.06%3A_Community_EcologyThe (a) honey locust tree (Gleditsia triacanthos) uses thorns, a mechanical defense, against herbivores, while the (b) Florida red-bellied turtle (Pseudemys nelsoni) uses its shell as a mechanical def...The (a) honey locust tree (Gleditsia triacanthos) uses thorns, a mechanical defense, against herbivores, while the (b) Florida red-bellied turtle (Pseudemys nelsoni) uses its shell as a mechanical defense against predators. (c) Foxglove (Digitalis sp.) uses a chemical defense: toxins produced by the plant can cause nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, convulsions, or death when consumed. (d) The North American millipede (Narceus americanus) uses both mechanical and chemical defenses: when threaten…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/11%3A_Behavioral_Ecology/11.03%3A_Optimal_Foraging_TheoryHandling time (h) is the amount of time it takes the predator to handle the food, beginning from the time the predator finds the prey item to the time the prey item is eaten. Thus, the constraints are...Handling time (h) is the amount of time it takes the predator to handle the food, beginning from the time the predator finds the prey item to the time the prey item is eaten. Thus, the constraints are the shape of the curve of diminishing returns and the travel time (the time it takes to make a round trip from the nest to a patch and back).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/17%3A_Mutualism_and_Commensalism/17.03%3A_Evolution_of_MutualismsThe obligate pollinating seed-predation mutualisms of the yucca and yucca moth and fig and fig wasps are attributed to coevolution diversification because the intimacy of the association may prevent s...The obligate pollinating seed-predation mutualisms of the yucca and yucca moth and fig and fig wasps are attributed to coevolution diversification because the intimacy of the association may prevent species from making phylogenetically drastic switches to new partners.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/17%3A_Mutualism_and_Commensalism/17.05%3A_Types_of_CommensalismsCases in which the phoront parasitizes or preys upon the host organism after travel are still considered phoresis, as long as the travel behavior and the feeding or parasitizing behavior are separate ...Cases in which the phoront parasitizes or preys upon the host organism after travel are still considered phoresis, as long as the travel behavior and the feeding or parasitizing behavior are separate (White et al., 2017). The distinctions between parasites, social parasites, and inquilines are subtle, and many species may fulfill the criteria for more than one of these, as inquilines do exhibit many of the same characteristics as parasites.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/55%3A_Community_Ecology/55.02%3A_The_Ecological_Niche_Concept/55.2.01%3A_Community_EcologyPopulations rarely, if ever, live in isolation from populations of other species. In most cases, numerous species share a habitat. The interactions between these populations play a major role in regul...Populations rarely, if ever, live in isolation from populations of other species. In most cases, numerous species share a habitat. The interactions between these populations play a major role in regulating population growth and abundance. All populations occupying the same habitat form a community: populations inhabiting a specific area at the same time. The number of species occupying the same habitat and their relative abundance is known as species diversity.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/55%3A_Community_Ecology/55.01%3A_Biological_Communities-_Species_Living_Together/55.1.02%3A_Community_EcologyPopulations rarely, if ever, live in isolation from populations of other species. In most cases, numerous species share a habitat. The interactions between these populations play a major role in regul...Populations rarely, if ever, live in isolation from populations of other species. In most cases, numerous species share a habitat. The interactions between these populations play a major role in regulating population growth and abundance. All populations occupying the same habitat form a community: populations inhabiting a specific area at the same time. The number of species occupying the same habitat and their relative abundance is known as species diversity.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Botany/Botany_(Ha_Morrow_and_Algiers)/05%3A_Ecology_and_Conservation/5.02%3A_Communities_and_EcosystemsAll populations occupying the same habitat form a community: populations inhabiting a specific area at the same time.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_17%3A_Symbioses/17.5%3A_CommensalismsCases in which the phoront parasitizes or preys upon the host organism after travel are still considered phoresis, as long as the travel behavior and the feeding or parasitizing behavior are separate ...Cases in which the phoront parasitizes or preys upon the host organism after travel are still considered phoresis, as long as the travel behavior and the feeding or parasitizing behavior are separate (White et al. The distinctions between parasites, social parasites, and inquilines are subtle, and many species may fulfill the criteria for more than one of these, as inquilines do exhibit many of the same characteristics as parasites.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_11%3A_Behavioral_Ecology/11.2%3A_Foraging_EcologyStudies using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping have associated the following loci with the matched functions; Pln-1 and Pln-4 with onset of foraging age, Pln-1 and 2 with the size of the pollen l...Studies using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping have associated the following loci with the matched functions; Pln-1 and Pln-4 with onset of foraging age, Pln-1 and 2 with the size of the pollen loads collected by workers, and Pln-2 and pln-3 were shown to influence the sugar concentration of the nectar collected. Handling time (h) is the amount of time it takes the predator to handle the food, beginning from the time the predator finds the prey item to the time the prey item is eaten.
