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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_14%3A_Introduction_to_Community_EcologyFigure 9: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel,...Figure 9: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel, cordgrass), freshwater (watermilfoil, water-starwort) and terrestrial (Spanish moss, marram grass). (B) Food webs were constructed for both bare and foundation species-dominated replicate areas. (C) From each foundation species structured-food web, nodes (species) were randomly removed until the s…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Thompson_Rivers_University/Principles_of_Biology_II_OL_ed/04%3A_Ecology/4.02%3A_Population_Ecology/4.2.02%3A_What_is_Population_EcologyEcology is often defined as the study of the distribution and abundance of organisms. Population ecologists study what determines the occurrence and abundance of species in space and time: their geog...Ecology is often defined as the study of the distribution and abundance of organisms. Population ecologists study what determines the occurrence and abundance of species in space and time: their geographic ranges, population sizes and densities, what factors result in them being so rare or common, and why these characteristics change over time.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_1%3A_Introduction_to_Ecology/1.2%3A_History_of_EcologyEcology is a new science and considered as an important branch of biological science, having only become prominent during the second half of the 20th century.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Butte_College/BC%3A_BIOL_2_-_Introduction_to_Human_Biology_(Grewal)/Text/24%3A_Ecology/24.02%3A_Introduction_to_EcologyYou can certainly be excused for not recognizing the red-tipped organisms in this photo. They weren’t even discovered until 1977. Called tube worms, they live on the deep ocean floor, thousands of met...You can certainly be excused for not recognizing the red-tipped organisms in this photo. They weren’t even discovered until 1977. Called tube worms, they live on the deep ocean floor, thousands of meters below the water’s surface.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/15%3A_Competition/15.05%3A_Quantifying_Competition_Using_the_Lotka-Volterra_ModelNote the subscripts on the competition coefficients: α 12 expresses the effect of one member of Population 2 on the growth rate of Population 1; α 21 expresses the effect of one member of Population 1...Note the subscripts on the competition coefficients: α 12 expresses the effect of one member of Population 2 on the growth rate of Population 1; α 21 expresses the effect of one member of Population 1 on the growth rate of Population 2. If we solve for these intercepts, we wind up with the following two coordinates for Population 1: [0, K 1 /a 12 ] (setting x, or the size of Population 1, to 0) and [K 1 , 0] (setting y, or the population size of Population 2, to 0).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Evergreen_Valley_College/Introduction_to_Ecology_(Kappus)/05%3A_Adaptations_to_the_Environment/5.01%3A_Tolerance_Ranges_of_SpeciesMany different physical, abiotic (non- living) factors influence where species live, including temperature, humidity, soil chemistry, pH, salinity and oxygen levels. For each species, there is a set o...Many different physical, abiotic (non- living) factors influence where species live, including temperature, humidity, soil chemistry, pH, salinity and oxygen levels. For each species, there is a set of environmental conditions within which it can best survive and reproduce. It is under these conditions that the species is best adapted. Ecologists are interested in studying and understanding tolerance ranges of different species for different environments, and how these adaptations influence the
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_15%3A_Competition/15.5%3A_Quantifying_Competition_Using_the_Lotka-Volterra_ModelNote the subscripts on the competition coefficients: α 12 expresses the effect of one member of Population 2 on the growth rate of Population 1; α 21 expresses the effect of one member of Population 1...Note the subscripts on the competition coefficients: α 12 expresses the effect of one member of Population 2 on the growth rate of Population 1; α 21 expresses the effect of one member of Population 1 on the growth rate of Population 2. If we solve for these intercepts, we wind up with the following two coordinates for Population 1: [0, K 1 /a 12 ] (setting x, or the size of Population 1, to 0) and [K 1 , 0] (setting y, or the population size of Population 2, to 0).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/15%3A_Competition/15.04%3A_Ecological_and_Evolutionary_Consequences_of_CompetitionThe rationale for character displacement stems from the competitive exclusion principle, which contends that to coexist in a stable environment two competing species must differ in their respective ec...The rationale for character displacement stems from the competitive exclusion principle, which contends that to coexist in a stable environment two competing species must differ in their respective ecological niche; without differentiation, one species will eliminate or exclude the other through competition.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Book%3A_Quantitative_Ecology_-_A_New_Unified_Approach_(Lehman_Loberg_and_Clark)/16%3A_Competition/16.02%3A_The_niche_conceptEvelyn Hutchinson, one of the great ecologists of the twentieth century, envisioned the parameters that form a niche as an “n-dimensional hyperspace.” The “fundamental niche” is the set of conditions ...Evelyn Hutchinson, one of the great ecologists of the twentieth century, envisioned the parameters that form a niche as an “n-dimensional hyperspace.” The “fundamental niche” is the set of conditions allowing the species to survive if there are no other species interfering. Species 2 similarly declines in abundance (red line), but compared with Species 1 fares a little better in the north and a little worse in the south.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/14%3A_Introduction_to_Species_InteractionsFigure \PageIndex10: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagr...Figure \PageIndex10: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel, cordgrass), freshwater (watermilfoil, water-starwort) and terrestrial (Spanish moss, marram grass). (B) Food webs were constructed for both bare and foundation species-dominated replicate areas. (C) From each foundation species structured-food web, nodes (species) were randomly re…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/09%3A_The_Ecology_of_Populations/9.01%3A_What_is_population_ecologyOften, however, we do not have good estimates of the size of a population itself, but factors that should be correlated with the population size, such as the number of animals harvested by hunters or ...Often, however, we do not have good estimates of the size of a population itself, but factors that should be correlated with the population size, such as the number of animals harvested by hunters or trapped by ecologists or the density of dung found during a survey.
