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- https://bio.libretexts.org/LibreTexts/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_(Igo)/Winter_2018_Igo_Readings/W2018_Bis2A_Lecture04_readingThe chemical formula for glucose and galactose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ; both are hexoses, but the arrangements of the hydrogens and hydroxyl groups are different at position C 4 . Because of this small diffe...The chemical formula for glucose and galactose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ; both are hexoses, but the arrangements of the hydrogens and hydroxyl groups are different at position C 4 . Because of this small difference, they differ structurally and chemically and are known as chemical isomers because of the different arrangement of functional groups around the asymmetric carbon; both of these monosaccharides have more than one asymmetric carbon (compare the structures in the figure below).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Portland_Community_College/Cascade_Microbiology/21%3A_Appendix_A_-_Biochemistry_Review/21.2%3A_CarbohydratesThe most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH2O)n...The most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of repeated units. This view represents these molecules simply as “hydrated” carbon atom chains in which water molecules attach to each carbon atom, leading to the term “carbohydrates.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Chemeketa_Community_College/Cell_Biology_for_Allied_Health/08%3A_Biological_Molecules/8.05%3A_CarbohydratesThe last class of macromolecules we will consider structurally here is the carbohydrates. Built of sugars or modified sugars, carbohydrates have several important functions, including structural integ...The last class of macromolecules we will consider structurally here is the carbohydrates. Built of sugars or modified sugars, carbohydrates have several important functions, including structural integrity, cellular identification, and energy storage.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Microbiology_OER_-_Ying_Liu/03%3A_Macromolecules/3.05%3A_Carbohydrates_-_PolysaccharidesThe most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ...The most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ, where n is the number of repeated units. This view represents these molecules simply as “hydrated” carbon atom chains in which water molecules attach to each carbon atom, leading to the term “carbohydrates.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/02%3A_The_Molecules_of_Life/2.06%3A_CarbohydratesThis page explains carbohydrates as polymers of glucose, including starch and cellulose. It details monosaccharides like glucose, galactose, and fructose, which combine into disaccharides like sucrose...This page explains carbohydrates as polymers of glucose, including starch and cellulose. It details monosaccharides like glucose, galactose, and fructose, which combine into disaccharides like sucrose and lactose through glycosidic bonds. Carbohydrates are key energy sources in diets. Starch is formed in amylose (linear) and amylopectin (branched) forms, while cellulose serves a structural role in cell walls with its rigid fibrils.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Fundamentals_of_Biochemistry_(Jakubowski_and_Flatt)/01%3A_Unit_I-_Structure_and_Catalysis/07%3A_Carbohydrates_and_Glycobiology/7.02%3A_PolysaccharidesThe page provides a comprehensive overview of polysaccharides, highlighting their structural diversity and functional roles. It discusses the classification into homopolysaccharides (e.g., starch, gly...The page provides a comprehensive overview of polysaccharides, highlighting their structural diversity and functional roles. It discusses the classification into homopolysaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose) and heteropolysaccharides (e.g., glycosaminoglycans), emphasizing the impact of glycosidic linkages on structure and function. Key polysaccharides like amylose, chitin, and peptidoglycan are examined in terms of biological significance.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/BIS_2A%3A_Introductory_Biology_(Igo)/Winter_2018_Igo_Readings/W2018_Bis2A_Lecture04_readingThe chemical formula for glucose and galactose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ; both are hexoses, but the arrangements of the hydrogens and hydroxyl groups are different at position C 4 . Because of this small diffe...The chemical formula for glucose and galactose is C 6 H 12 O 6 ; both are hexoses, but the arrangements of the hydrogens and hydroxyl groups are different at position C 4 . Because of this small difference, they differ structurally and chemically and are known as chemical isomers because of the different arrangement of functional groups around the asymmetric carbon; both of these monosaccharides have more than one asymmetric carbon (compare the structures in the figure below).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/BIOL_440%3A_General_Microbiology_(Hughes)/02%3A_Week_2/02%3A_Microbial_Biochemistry/2.02%3A_CarbohydratesThe most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ...The most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ, where n is the number of repeated units. This view represents these molecules simply as “hydrated” carbon atom chains in which water molecules attach to each carbon atom, leading to the term “carbohydrates.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Central_State_College/BIOL_1550%3A_Microbiology_(2025)/03%3A_Macromolecules/3.04%3A_Carbohydrates_-_Monosaccharides_and_DisaccharidesThe most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ...The most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH₂O)ₙ, where n is the number of repeated units. This view represents these molecules simply as “hydrated” carbon atom chains in which water molecules attach to each carbon atom, leading to the term “carbohydrates.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Manchester_Community_College_(MCC)/Remix_of_Openstax%3AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al/02%3A_Chemistry_and_Biochemistry/2.05%3A_CarbohydratesThe most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH2O)n...The most abundant biomolecules on earth are carbohydrates. From a chemical viewpoint, carbohydrates are primarily a combination of carbon and water, and many of them have the empirical formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of repeated units. This view represents these molecules simply as “hydrated” carbon atom chains in which water molecules attach to each carbon atom, leading to the term “carbohydrates.”
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_and_Easy_(Ahern_and_Rajagopal)/03%3A_Structure__Function/3.05%3A_CarbohydratesThe last class of macromolecules we will consider structurally here is the carbohydrates. Built of sugars or modified sugars, carbohydrates have several important functions, including structural integ...The last class of macromolecules we will consider structurally here is the carbohydrates. Built of sugars or modified sugars, carbohydrates have several important functions, including structural integrity, cellular identification, and energy storage.
