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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_14%3A_Introduction_to_Community_EcologyFigure 9: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel,...Figure 9: Foundational species increase food web complexity by facilitating species higher in the food chain. (A) Seven ecosystems with foundation species were sampled: coastal (seagrass, blue mussel, cordgrass), freshwater (watermilfoil, water-starwort) and terrestrial (Spanish moss, marram grass). (B) Food webs were constructed for both bare and foundation species-dominated replicate areas. (C) From each foundation species structured-food web, nodes (species) were randomly removed until the s…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/11%3A_Behavioral_Ecology/11.03%3A_Optimal_Foraging_TheoryHandling time (h) is the amount of time it takes the predator to handle the food, beginning from the time the predator finds the prey item to the time the prey item is eaten. Thus, the constraints are...Handling time (h) is the amount of time it takes the predator to handle the food, beginning from the time the predator finds the prey item to the time the prey item is eaten. Thus, the constraints are the shape of the curve of diminishing returns and the travel time (the time it takes to make a round trip from the nest to a patch and back).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/02%3A_Principles_of_Ecology_-_Gettysburg_College_ES_211/09%3A_Species_Interactions/9.03%3A_The_Diversity_of_Interactions/9.3.07%3A_CompetitionExamples of competition seem both more subtle and more ordinary than examples of mutualism and predation. But competition is pervasive.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_22%3A_Biodiversity/22.6%3A_Patterns_in_BiodiversityBeyond purely scientific goals and satisfying curiosity, this understanding is essential for applied issues of major concern to humankind, such as the spread of invasive species, the control of diseas...Beyond purely scientific goals and satisfying curiosity, this understanding is essential for applied issues of major concern to humankind, such as the spread of invasive species, the control of diseases and their vectors, and the likely effects of global climate change on the maintenance of biodiversity (Gaston 2000).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_11%3A_Behavioral_Ecology/11.2%3A_Foraging_EcologyStudies using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping have associated the following loci with the matched functions; Pln-1 and Pln-4 with onset of foraging age, Pln-1 and 2 with the size of the pollen l...Studies using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping have associated the following loci with the matched functions; Pln-1 and Pln-4 with onset of foraging age, Pln-1 and 2 with the size of the pollen loads collected by workers, and Pln-2 and pln-3 were shown to influence the sugar concentration of the nectar collected. Handling time (h) is the amount of time it takes the predator to handle the food, beginning from the time the predator finds the prey item to the time the prey item is eaten.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/22%3A_Biodiversity/22.03%3A_Patterns_in_BiodiversityFigure \PageIndex4: Biodiversity hotspots and some of their endemic species. (a) Melanesian Islands ["Solomon Islands" by Jim Lounsbury is available for open access]; (b) Emerald Lakes, New Zeal...Figure \PageIndex4: Biodiversity hotspots and some of their endemic species. (a) Melanesian Islands ["Solomon Islands" by Jim Lounsbury is available for open access]; (b) Emerald Lakes, New Zealand [Photo by Marcus Holland-Moritz is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0]; (c) Diademed sifaca, one of the endemic lemur species from Mantadia National Park, Madagascar ["Diademed ready to push off" by Michael Hogan is available in the public domain]; (d) Maned wolf, the largest canid of South America, a…
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/12%3A_Sex_Strategies/12.07%3A_Sexual_selectionThis chapter explores some of the multitude of hypotheses for why sexual reproduction exists, the variety of ways in which sexes are determined in plants and animals, and some of the variation in mati...This chapter explores some of the multitude of hypotheses for why sexual reproduction exists, the variety of ways in which sexes are determined in plants and animals, and some of the variation in mating systems of sexual organisms. This chapter also focuses on sexual selection, a form of natural selection that occurs when traits that improve mating success are favored by selection, even if they cause a decrease in survival.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/11%3A_Behavioral_Ecology/11.02%3A_Foraging_EcologyStudies using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping have associated the following loci with the matched functions; Pln-1 and Pln-4 with onset of foraging age, Pln-1 and 2 with the size of the pollen l...Studies using quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping have associated the following loci with the matched functions; Pln-1 and Pln-4 with onset of foraging age, Pln-1 and 2 with the size of the pollen loads collected by workers, and Pln-2 and pln-3 were shown to influence the sugar concentration of the nectar collected (Figure \PageIndex3) (Hunt et al., 2007).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_13%3A_The_Ecology_of_Intraspecific_VariationThe diagrams show that: (A) there is individual variation in the phenotype (personality: heights of the red lines), but that there is no phenotypic plasticity, (B) there is individual variation in the...The diagrams show that: (A) there is individual variation in the phenotype (personality: heights of the red lines), but that there is no phenotypic plasticity, (B) there is individual variation in the phenotype (personality: heights of the red lines), there is population-level phenotypic plasticity (slopes of the red lines are non-zero), but individuals do not differ in their response to the environment (slopes of the red lines are equal), and (C) there is individual variation in the phenotype …
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/13%3A_The_Ecology_of_Intraspecific_VariationThe diagrams show that: (A) there is individual variation in the phenotype (personality: heights of the red lines), but that there is no phenotypic plasticity, (B) there is individual variation in the...The diagrams show that: (A) there is individual variation in the phenotype (personality: heights of the red lines), but that there is no phenotypic plasticity, (B) there is individual variation in the phenotype (personality: heights of the red lines), there is population-level phenotypic plasticity (slopes of the red lines are non-zero), but individuals do not differ in their response to the environment (slopes of the red lines are equal), and (C) there is individual variation in the phenotype …
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/03%3A_Introduction_to_Evolution/3.02%3A_Understanding_EvolutionEvolution by natural selection describes a mechanism for how species change over time. That species change had been suggested and debated well before Darwin began to explore this idea. The view that s...Evolution by natural selection describes a mechanism for how species change over time. That species change had been suggested and debated well before Darwin began to explore this idea. The view that species were static and unchanging was grounded in the writings of Plato, yet there were also ancient Greeks who expressed evolutionary ideas.
