2.3.2: Sharks and Bony Fish
- Page ID
- 114247
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Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Woman in Zambia with two large fish from the Zambezi River. Geowenzo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Both saltwater and freshwater fishes are caught both recreationally and commercially, depending on the species. Commercial freshwater fish species that require management include sturgeon, which are often caught for their roe. Additionally, ponds and waterways are stocked with bass and trout for recreational purposes. Catch of these species are regulated by permit and stamp systems, and often have catch and size limits to help manage their populations. Salmon are important diadromous species that must be managed both at sea and in inland stream habitats, as they return to their hatching grounds upstream to spawn.
Commercial fisheries are far more common in salt water, as there are many species that supply us with seafood there. While fishing in nearshore waters can be regulated by state and local wildlife managers, species outside the national boundaries are not as well protected (if at all). This results in wasteful practices such as trawling, shark finning, and fishing by long line (lines that are miles long stretched over the top of the water. This can also quickly result in fisheries crashes, such as the crash that occurred with anchovies in the 1930s in coastal California. Without careful management, many species cannot reproduce fast enough to replace the ones caught.