18.8: Performance Objectives for Lab 18

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After completing this lab, the student will be able to perform the following objectives:

A. DISINFECTANTS, ANTISEPTICS, AND SANITIZERS

1. Define the following terms: sterilization, disinfection, decontamination, disinfectant, antiseptic, and sanitizer.

2. State why chemical agents are usually unreliable for sterilization.

3. List five factors that may influence the antimicrobial action of disinfectants, antiseptics, and sanitizers.

4. Describe two modes of action of disinfectants, antiseptics, and sanitizers, i.e., how they harm the microorganisms.

5. Name two chemical agents that are reliable for sterilization.

B. EVALUATION OF DISINFECTANTS, ANTISEPTICS, AND SANITIZERS

1. State why the results of an in vitro test to evaluate chemical agents may not necessarily apply to in vivo situations.

C. EVALUATION OF HAND WASHING

1. Define transient flora and resident flora and compare the two groups in terms of ease of removal.

D . ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

1. Define the following: antibiotic, antimicrobial chemotherapeutic chemical, narrow-spectrum antibiotic, broad-spectrum antibiotic.

2. Discuss the meaning of selective toxicity in terms of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

3. List four genera of microorganisms that produce useful antibiotics.

4. Describe four different major modes of action of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic chemicals and give three examples of drugs fitting each mode of action.

E. MICROBIAL RESISTANCE TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

DISCUSSION

1. State five mechanisms by which microorganisms may resist antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents.

2. Briefly describe R-plasmids and name four bacteria that commonly possess these plasmids.

RESULTS

1. Interpret the results of the Escherichia coli plasmid transformation experiment.

F. ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

DISCUSSION

1. State why antimicrobial susceptibility testing is often essential in choosing the proper chemotherapeutic agent to use in treating an infection.

2. State what is meant by MIC.

RESULTS

1. Interpret the results of a Bauer-Kirby antimicrobial susceptibility test when given a Mueller-Hinton agar plate, a metric ruler, and a standardized zone-size interpretation table.

Contributors and Attributions

Dr. Gary Kaiser (COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF BALTIMORE COUNTY, CATONSVILLE CAMPUS)