20.9: Laboratory Activities and Assignment

Laboratory Activities and Assignment

Part 1: Review of the Digestive System

1. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

anus appendix ascending colon cardia of the stomach cecum common bile duct common hepatic duct descending colon duodenum esophagus falciform ligament fundus of the stomach gallbladder hard palate

haustra ileocecal valve ileum jejunum left colic flexure left hepatic duct left lobe of the liver lower esophageal sphincter oral cavity pancreas parotid salivary gland pyloric sphincter pylorus of the stomach

rectum right colic flexure right hepatic duct right lobe of the liver sigmoid colon soft palate stomach sublingual salivary gland submandibular salivary gland taenia coli transverse colon upper esophageal sphincter uvula

2. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

blood vessels crown dentin

enamel nerves pulp

root root canal

3. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

canines incisors molars

numbers (1-32) premolars

4. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

accessory pancreatic duct body of gallbladder body of pancreas common bile duct common hepatic duct coronary ligament cystic duct diaphragm

duodenum falciform ligament fundus of gallbladder head of pancreas hepatopancreatic ampulla hepatopancreatic sphincter jejunum left hepatic duct

left lobe of liver neck of gallbladder pancreatic duct plicae circulares pyloric sphincter right hepatic duct right lobe of liver tail of pancreas

5. On the diagram below, label the following structures:

central veins connective tissue

hepatocytes lobules

portal canals sinusoids

6. Below is a microscopic image of the tissue lining the inside of the large intestine, magnified by 400x. Label the following structures on the image:

goblet cells intestinal glands lamina propria

mucosa muscularis mucosa

simple columnar epithelium submucosa

Part 2: Histology of the Digestive System

1. Obtain the slides listed below that are available for today’s lab.
2. Focus on each sample and identify the structures listed for each type of tissue.
3. Indicate the total magnification you make each illustration at in the space provided.
4. Illustrate each tissue you observe with the microscope at the magnification you listed.
5. Label each illustration with the structures listed for each.

Oral Cavity

Label the tissue with: stratified squamous epithelium, mucosa, lamina propria

Esophagus

Label the tissue with: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, lumen, stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria

Stomach

Make one illustration at a low magnification and another at a higher magnification to view structures in the mucosa.

Label the tissue with: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, goblet cells, simple columnar epithelium lamina propria, gastric pits, gastric glands

Liver

Label the tissue with: lobule, portal canals, central veins, hepatocytes, sinusoids

Small Intestine

Make one illustration at a low magnification and another at a higher magnification to view structures in the mucosa.

Label the tissue with: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, plicae circulares (circular folds), villi, simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, goblet cells, microvilli

Large Intestine

Make one illustration at a low magnification and another at a higher magnification to view structures in the mucosa.

Label the tissue with: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa, simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, goblet cells, intestinal glands, muscularis mucosa

Part 3: Digestive System Laboratory Activities

Oral Cavity, Esophagus, and Stomach

1. Use the anatomical models provided to your group in your group.
2. As a group, identify the structures listed below.
3. Write each of the following structures on masking tape or labeling tape (with correct spelling) and stick onto the model to label each structure.

#1 molar #15 incisor #16 canine #17 premolar #18 molar attachment of greater omentum attachment of lesser omentum body (of stomach) cardia (of stomach) circular muscle (of stomach) crown (of tooth)

dentin (of tooth) enamel (of tooth) esophagus fundus (of stomach) gingiva greater curvature (of stomach) hard palate longitudinal muscle (of stomach) lesser curvature (of stomach) lower esophageal sphincter

oblique muscle (of stomach) parotid salivary gland pyloric sphincter pylorus (of stomach) rugae soft palate sublingual salivary gland submandibular salivary gland tongue upper esophageal sphincter uvula

4. When you are done, take photos of your labeled anatomical model(s). Ask your instructor to verify the labeling is correct.

Instructor Signature Confirming Correct Labeling: ________________

Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

1. Use the anatomical models provided to your group in your group.
2. As a group, identify the structures listed below.
3. Write each of the following structures on masking tape or labeling tape (with correct spelling) and stick onto the model to label each structure.

accessory duct body (of gallbladder) body (of pancreas) common bile duct common hepatic duct cystic duct

falciform ligament fundus (of gallbladder) head (of pancreas) left hepatic duct left lobe (of liver)

neck (of gallbladder) pancreatic duct right hepatic duct right lobe (of liver) tail (of pancreas)

4. When you are done, take photos of your labeled anatomical model(s). Ask your instructor to verify the labeling is correct.

Instructor Signature Confirming Correct Labeling: ___________________

Small Intestine and Colon

1. Use the anatomical models provided to your group in your group.
2. As a group, identify the structures listed below.
3. Write each of the following structures on masking tape or labeling tape (with correct spelling) and stick onto the model to label each structure.

appendix ascending colon ascending mesocolon attachment of mesentery cecum descending colon descending mesocolon duodenum

external anal sphincter hepatopancreatic ampulla hepatopancreatic sphincter ileocecal valve ileum internal anal sphincter jejunum

left colic flexure rectum right colic flexure sigmoid colon sigmoid mesocolon transverse colon transverse mesocolon

4. When you are done, take photos of your labeled anatomical model(s). Ask your instructor to verify the labeling is correct.

Instructor Signature Confirming Correct Labeling: __________________

Flow of the Gastrointestinal Tract

1. As a group, determine the route a bolus/chyme/feces take through the digestive tract. List each structure of the alimentary canal in order. When the list is complete, show when it is called "bolus," when it is called "chyme," and when it is called "feces," by adding labels to your list.

Attributions

Part 1: Review of the Digestive System

• "Anatomy and Physiology Lab Homework" by Laird C Sheldahl is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
• "Digestive system without labels.svg" by Mariana Ruiz, Jmarchn is in the Public Domain
• "Digital Histology" by Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and the Office of Faculty Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the ALT Lab at Virginia Commonwealth University is licensed under CC BY 4.0
• "Human Anatomy Lab Manual" by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak, Mavs Open Press, University of Texas at Arlington is licensed under CC BY 4.0
• "Human dental arches.svg" by Kaligula is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

Part 2: Histology of the Digestive System

• "BIOL 250 Human Anatomy Lab Manual SU 19" by Yancy Aquino, Skyline College is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Part 3: Digestive System Laboratory Activities

• "Human Anatomy Lab Manual" by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak, Mavs Open Press, University of Texas at Arlington is licensed under CC BY 4.0