Quiz 1

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Jun 3, 2019
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Which of the following below is NOT a microbe? (0, 1 or more than 1 may be correct)

virus bacterium yeast protozoa green plant mosquito

Most microbes are smaller than about________:

2 inches 2 meters 2 mm 200 micrometers 200 nanometers

3.Classify (as prion, virus, bacterium, algae, protozoa, fungi), the following pathogens mentioned in lecture 1.

Yersinia pestis/causes bubonic Plague=_______________

Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus causing “White-nose Syndrome” in bats=______________

Legionella pneumophila/causes Legionnaire’s Disease=___________

Ebola pathogen=_______________________

Which of the pathogens named above is/are (if any):

Acellular=____________
Cellular=_______________
Example of a “prokaryote”?=___________________
Example of a “eukaryote”?=____________________

Based on the “Tree of Life” and Carl Woese’s 3 Domain system of classification, which of the pathogens listed above is most closely related to humans?______________________
When did the first cells evolve (“LUCA”)?_____________________________
What was Earth’s atmosphere like when the first cells evolved?__________________

Choices: rich in O₂ anaerobic/anoxic there was NO air when cells evolved

Did evolution of microbes cause a change in Earth’s atmosphere? If yes, describe___________

..______________________________________________________________________________

8.Which process caused the change of Earth’s atmosphere as described above?_______.

__choices: fermentation anaerobic respiration aerobic respiration oxygenic photosynthesis

9.When did eukaryotes evolve? ___________Which organelle(s) does a eukaryotic animal cell have which a prokaryotic bacterial cell lacks? _________________________

10. Are viruses eukaryotes or prokaryotes?_____________________

Key

Which of the following below is NOT a microbe? (0, 1 or more than 1 may be correct)

-the correct choice would be the agents/organisms you can see without a magnifying device as below:

virus bacterium yeast protozoa * green plant *mosquito

Most microbes are smaller than about________:(the correct choice would be smaller than the resolving power of the human eye without a magnifying device; see also in the Tortora 12^th textbook foundation figure 3.2 p 55 in Chapter 3)

2 inches 2 meters 2 mm * 200 µm (note: 200 nanometers or 0. 2 µm is the maximum resolving power of our light microscope- see Tortora 12^th p54)

3.Classify (as prion, virus, bacterium, algae, protozoa, fungi), the following pathogens mentioned in lecture 1.

Yersinia pestis/causes bubonic Plague=_____bacterium__________

Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus causing “White-nose Syndrome” in bats=___fungus___________

Legionella pneumophila/causes Legionnaire’s Disease=____bacterium_______

Ebola pathogen=_____virus__________________

Which of the pathogens named above is/are (if any):

Acellular=____Ebola virus________
Cellular=__all except Ebola virus_____________
Example of a “prokaryote”?=__the 2 bacteria named above_________________
Example of a “eukaryote”?=___the fungus named above_________________

Based on the “Tree of Life” and Carl Woese’s 3 Domain system of classification, which of the pathogens listed above is most closely related to humans?_the eukaryote, the fungal pathogen_____________________
When did the first cells evolve (“LUCA”)?__

~3.6-3.8 bya (bya =billion years ago; billion= 10⁹ = 1,000,000,000)

What was Earth’s atmosphere like when the first cells evolved?_

Choices: rich in O₂ anaerobic/anoxic there was NO air when cells evolved

Did evolution of microbes cause a change in Earth’s atmosphere? If yes, describe

Yes, when the first cyanobacteria evolved oxygenic photosynthesis using chlorophyll a, they released molecular oxygen, O₂. As a consequence moleclular oxygen slowly accumulated causing Earth’s atmosphere to become aerobic (today ~21% O₂. )

8.Which process caused the change of Earth’s atmosphere as described above? Oxygenic photosynthesis_______.

__choices: fermentation anaerobic respiration aerobic respiration *oxygenic photosynthesis

9.When did eukaryotes evolve? __up for debate, we will use ~ 2 bya_________Which organelle(s) does a eukaryotic animal cell have which a prokaryotic bacterial cell lacks? Membrane-bound nucleus (and other membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria) _________________________

10. Are viruses eukaryotes or prokaryotes?__neither!! (as viruses are acellular)___________________

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