2.2: Review Questions
- Match each type of epidemiology study with its description.
| ___experimental | A. examination of past case histories and medical test results conducted on patients in an outbreak |
| ___analytical | B. examination of current case histories, interviews with patients and their contacts, interpretation of medical test results; frequently conducted while outbreak is still in progress |
| ___prospective | C. use of a set of test subjects (human or animal) and control subjects that are treated the same as the test subjects except for the specific treatment being studied |
| ___descriptive | D. observing groups of individuals to look for associations with disease |
| ___retrospective | E. a comparison of a cohort of individuals through the course of the study |
- Answer
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C, D, E, B, A
- Match each pioneer of epidemiology with his or her contribution.
| ___Florence Nightingale | A. determined the source of a cholera outbreak in London |
| ___Robert Koch | B. showed that surgical wound infection rates could be dramatically reduced by using carbolic acid to disinfect surgical tools, bandages, and surgical sites |
| ___Joseph Lister | C. compiled data on causes of mortality in soldiers, leading to innovations in military medical care |
| ___John Snow | D. developed a methodology for conclusively determining the etiology of disease |
- Answer
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C, D, B, A
- ________occurs when an infected individual passes the infection on to other individuals, who pass it on to still others, increasing the penetration of the infection into the susceptible population.
- Answer
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Propagated spread
- A batch of food contaminated with botulism exotoxin, consumed at a family reunion by most of the members of a family, would be an example of a ________ outbreak.
- Answer
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point source
- What activity did John Snow conduct, other than mapping, that contemporary epidemiologists also use when trying to understand how to control a disease?