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3: Cell Diversity, Structures, and Transport

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Sep 8, 2021
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- 2.E: Chemistry of Life (Exercises)
- 3.1: Cell Structure and Function

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3.1: Cell Structure and Function
3.2: Eukaryotic Origins
The origin of eukaryotic cells was largely a mystery until a revolutionary hypothesis was comprehensively examined in the 1960s by Lynn Margulis. The endosymbiotic theory states that eukaryotes are a product of one prokaryotic cell engulfing another, one living within another, and evolving together over time until the separate cells were no longer recognizable as such. This once-revolutionary hypothesis had immediate persuasiveness and is now widely accepted.
3.3: The Genome
Prokaryotes have a single loop chromosome, whereas eukaryotes have multiple, linear chromosomes surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes consisting of two sets of 22 homologous chromosomes and a pair of nonhomologous sex chromosomes. This is the 2n, or diploid, state. Human gametes have 23 chromosomes or one complete set of chromosomes. This is the n, or haploid, state. Genes are segments of DNA that code for a specific protein or RNA molecule.

Thumbnail: Animal Cell (Public Domain; Kelvin Song via Wikimedia Commons)

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