15.E: Respiratory and Circulatory Systems (Exercises)
- Page ID
- 122827
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15.1: Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
Review Questions
The respiratory system ________.
A. provides body tissues with oxygen
B. provides body tissues with oxygen and carbon dioxide
C. establishes how many breaths are taken per minute
D. provides the body with carbon dioxide
- Answer
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A
Which is the order of airflow during inhalation?
A. nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
B. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
C. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli
D. nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
- Answer
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B
Where does the right ventricle send blood?
A. the head
B. the upper body
C. the lungs
D. the lower body
- Answer
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C
During the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, the heart is ________.
A. contracting
B. relaxing
C. contracting and relaxing
D. filling with blood
- Answer
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A
How do arteries differ from veins?
A. Arteries have thicker wall layers to accommodate the changes in pressure from the heart.
B. Arteries carry blood.
C. Arteries have thinner wall layers and valves and move blood by the action of skeletal muscle.
D. Arteries are thin walled and are used for gas exchange.
- Answer
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A
Free Response
Describe the function of these terms and describe where they are located: main bronchus, trachea, alveoli.
- Answer
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The main bronchus is the conduit in the lung that funnels air to the airways where gas exchange occurs. The main bronchus attaches the lungs to the very end of the trachea where it bifurcates. The trachea is the cartilaginous structure that extends from the pharynx to the lungs. It serves to funnel air to the lungs. The alveoli are the site of gas exchange; they are located at the terminal regions of the lung and are attached to the alveolar sacs, which come from the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles terminal bronchi.
How does the structure of alveoli maximize gas exchange?
- Answer
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The sac-like structure of the alveoli increases their surface area. In addition, the alveoli are made of thin-walled cells. These features allows gases to easily diffuse across the cells.
Describe the cardiac cycle.
- Answer
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The heart receives an electrical signal triggering the cardiac muscle cells in the atria to contract. The signal pauses before passing onto the ventricles so the blood is pumped through the body. This is the systolic phase. The heart then relaxes in diastole and fills again with blood.