Labs
- Page ID
- 132772
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\(\newcommand{\longvect}{\overrightarrow}\)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 1: Microbiology Lab Safety and General Procedures
- This page emphasizes vital safety protocols in a level 2 microbiology lab, focusing on biohazard risks, protective gear, and cleanliness. It prohibits personal items, eating, and mobile device use during lab sessions. The page details safe specimen handling, disposal practices for biological agents, and personal protection techniques.
- 2: Basic Techniques
- This page covers essential laboratory skills, including media preparation (solid and liquid), sterilization, and the use of micropipettes and serial dilutions. It emphasizes the importance of correct techniques for accurate measurements, such as performing 10-fold dilutions and measuring absorbance with a spectrophotometer. The content also highlights the need for proper disposal practices and equipment cleaning.
- 3: Bacterial Growth
- This page details laboratory practices for maintaining aseptic conditions while measuring bacterial growth, specifically E. coli. It covers the importance of personal hygiene, sterilization techniques, and the use of Biological Safety Cabinets. Participants will practice aseptic methods and measure cell concentrations through colony-forming units and optical density readings.
- 4: Isolation Exercises
- This page discusses methods for isolating pure bacterial cultures, highlighting streak plating, pour plating, and swab culturing techniques. It details the streak method, emphasizing colony observation for successful isolation, using sterile applicators, and proper incubation at 37 °C. The instructions include employing a Bunsen burner for sterility and aseptic techniques to avoid contamination, providing exercises to improve lab skills and understanding of bacterial culture methods.
- 5: Gram Stain and Potassium Hydroxide String Test
- This page details the Gram staining technique to differentiate Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including smear preparation, staining steps, and morphology observation. It emphasizes recognizing bacterial species through shape, arrangement, and growth characteristics on various media. Additionally, it covers analyzing bacterial isolates' colony traits, performing the KOH string test for confirmation, and documenting findings accurately for lab reports.
- 6: Bacterial Media
- This page covers the application of selective and differential media for isolating specific bacteria from complex samples, emphasizing the types of media, nutrient sources, and inhibitors involved. It underscores the importance of visual changes and controls for reliable experimentation. The page concludes with a lab exercise illustrating practical inoculation and incubation techniques to reinforce these concepts.
- 7: Unknown Molecular Lab Part I
- This page details the processes for isolating genomic DNA from an unknown bacterial species and conducting 16S rDNA PCR for identification. It highlights the advantages of molecular methods over traditional culture techniques. The key methods discussed include boiling lysis for DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA gene.
- 8: Unknown Molecular Lab Part II- Agarose Gel and PCR purification
- This page covers laboratory practices for PCR amplification and DNA analysis, detailing the assessment of 16S rDNA gene samples through agarose gel electrophoresis and the importance of DNA purification and quantification before sequencing. It also presents a protocol for specificity assays using dsDNA, offering guidance on sample preparation, concentration adjustments, and specific primer usage for efficient sequencing.
- 9: Bacteriological Analysis of Water
- This page discusses the detection and enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in water samples, highlighting the importance of testing for water quality due to health risks. Coliforms are indicators of contamination, with specified limits for drinking water.
- 10: Food Lab
- This page presents protocols for testing food samples for aerobic bacteria, pathogens, yeast, and mould, as regulated by Health Canada. It details methods such as aerobic colony counts, selective media usage (XLD for Salmonella/Shigella, MSA for Staphylococcus aureus), and identifies Bacillus cereus and Listeria through various dilution and plating techniques.
- 11: Unknown Lab
- This page discusses laboratory techniques for identifying Gram-negative bacteria, focusing on biochemical tests such as gelatin hydrolysis, SIM, oxidase, and the IMViC tests. It highlights key traits of Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaceae, explaining how metabolic capabilities assist in bacterial identification. Methods for identifying unknown bacteria include Gram staining, oxidase testing, and utilizing dichotomous keys and DNA sequencing for accurate species determination.