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Karyotype
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A picture of an individual’s chromosomes in which the chromosomes are paired and arranged in order of decreasing size.
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Monosomy
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The lack of one of a pair of chromosomes. A common monosomy is X chromosome monosomy, known in humans as Turner syndrome and denoted as 45, X.
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Trisomy
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Condition of having three chromosomes of a particular type. A common trisomy in humans is Down syndrome, or trisomy A male with trisomy 21 is denoted as 47, XY, 21+.
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Nondisjunction
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Failure of chromosome pairs to separate during meiosis I or meiosis II.
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