7.3.10: Review Questions
- Page ID
- 98240
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Neurons contain ________, which can receive signals from other neurons.
- axons
- mitochondria
- dendrites
- Golgi bodies
A(n) ________ neuron has one axon and one dendrite extending directly from the cell body.
- unipolar
- bipolar
- multipolar
- pseudounipolar
Glia that provide myelin for neurons in the brain are called ________.
- Schwann cells
- oligodendrocytes
- microglia
- astrocytes
Meningitis is a viral or bacterial infection of the brain. Which cell type is the first to have its function disrupted during meningitis?
- astrocytes
- microglia
- neurons
- satellite glia
For a neuron to fire an action potential, its membrane must reach ________.
- hyperpolarization
- the threshold of excitation
- the refractory period
- inhibitory postsynaptic potential
After an action potential, the opening of additional voltage-gated ________ channels and the inactivation of sodium channels, cause the membrane to return to its resting membrane potential.
- sodium
- potassium
- calcium
- chloride
What is the term for protein channels that connect two neurons at an electrical synapse?
- synaptic vesicles
- voltage-gated ion channels
- gap junction protein
- sodium-potassium exchange pumps
Which of the following molecules is not involved in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential?
- potassium cations
- ATP
- voltage-gated ion channels
- calcium cations
The ________ lobe contains the visual cortex.
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
The ________ connects the two cerebral hemispheres.
- limbic system
- corpus callosum
- cerebellum
- pituitary
Neurons in the ________ control motor reflexes.
- thalamus
- spinal cord
- parietal lobe
- hippocampus
Phineas Gage was a 19th century railroad worker who survived an accident that drove a large iron rod through his head. If the injury resulted in him becoming temperamental and capricious what part of his brain was damaged?
- frontal lobe
- hippocampus
- parietal lobe
- temporal lobe
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:
- increased blood flow into the skin
- a decreased heart rate
- an increased heart rate
- increased digestion
Where are parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies located?
- cerebellum
- brainstem
- dorsal root ganglia
- skin
________ is released by motor nerve endings onto muscle.
- Acetylcholine
- Norepinephrine
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
Parkinson’s disease is a caused by the degeneration of neurons that release ________.
- serotonin
- dopamine
- glutamate
- norepinephrine
________ medications are often used to treat patients with ADHD.
- Tranquilizer
- Antibiotic
- Stimulant
- Anti-seizure
Strokes are often caused by ________.
- neurodegeneration
- blood clots or burst blood vessels
- seizures
- viruses
Why is it difficult to identify the cause of many nervous system disorders?
- The genes associated with the diseases are not known.
- There are no obvious defects in brain structure.
- The onset and display of symptoms varies between patients.
- all of the above
Why do many patients with neurodevelopmental disorders develop secondary disorders?
- Their genes predispose them to schizophrenia.
- Stimulant medications cause new behavioral disorders.
- Behavioral therapies only improve neurodevelopmental disorders.
- Dysfunction in the brain can affect many aspects of the body.