46: Ecosystems Last updated Save as PDF Page ID 12640 Boundless Boundless 46.1: Ecology of Ecosystems 46.1A: Ecosystem Dynamics 46.1B: Food Chains and Food Webs 46.1C: Studying Ecosystem Dynamics 46.1D: Modeling Ecosystem Dynamics 46.2: Energy Flow through Ecosystems 46.2A: Strategies for Acquiring Energy 46.2B: Productivity within Trophic Levels 46.2C: Transfer of Energy between Trophic Levels 46.2D: Ecological Pyramids 46.2E: Biological Magnification 46.3: Biogeochemical Cycles 46.3A: Biogeochemical Cycles 46.3B: The Water (Hydrologic) Cycle 46.3C: The Carbon Cycle 46.3D: The Nitrogen Cycle 46.3E: The Phosphorus Cycle 46.3E: The Sulfur Cycle