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33: The Animal Body- Basic Form and Function
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33.1: Animal Form and Function - Characteristics of the Animal Body
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Every animal has a distinct body plan, adapted in response to environmental pressures, that limits its size and shape.
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33.2: Animal Form and Function - Body Plans
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Animal body plans can have varying degrees of symmetry and can be described as asymmetrical, bilateral, or radial.
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33.3: Animal Form and Function - Limits on Animal Size and Shape
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Animal shape and body size are influenced by environmental factors as well as the presence of an exoskeleton or an endoskeleton.
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33.4: Animal Form and Function - Limiting Effects of Diffusion on Size and Development
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Less efficient diffusion in larger cells led to multicellular organisms with specialized tissues that supply nutrients and remove waste.
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33.5: Animal Form and Function - Animal Bioenergetics
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An animal’s body size, activity level, and environment impacts the ways it uses and obtains energy.
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33.6: Animal Form and Function - Animal Body Planes and Cavities
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Vertebrates can be divided along different planes in order to reference the locations of defined cavities.
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33.7: Animal Primary Tissues - Epithelial Tissues
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Epithelial tissues cover the outer surfaces of the body and the lumen of internal organs; they are classified by shape and number of layers.
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33.8: Animal Primary Tissues - Loose, Fibrous, and Cartilage Connective Tissues
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Connective tissue is found throughout the body, providing support and shock absorption for tissues and bones.
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33.9: Animal Primary Tissues - Bone, Adipose, and Blood Connective Tissues
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Bone, adipose (fat) tissue, and blood are different types of connective tissue that are composed of cells surrounded by a matrix.
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33.10: Animal Primary Tissues - Muscle Tissues and Nervous Tissues
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The function of muscle tissue (smooth, skeletal, and cardiac) is to contract, while nervous tissue is responsible for communication.
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33.11: Homeostasis - Homeostatic Process
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Homeostatic processes ensure a constant internal environment by various mechanisms working in combination to maintain set points.
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33.12: Homeostasis - Control of Homeostasis
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Homeostasis is typically achieved via negative feedback loops, but can be affected by positive feedback loops, set point alterations, and acclimatization.
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33.13: Homeostasis - Thermoregulation
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Animals use different modes of thermoregulation processes to maintain homeostatic internal body temperatures.
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33.14: Homeostasis - Heat Conservation and Dissipation
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Animals have processes that allow for heat conservation and dissipation in order to maintain a homeostatic internal body temperature.