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9.1: Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors - Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
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Cellular communication ensures regulation of biological processes within various environments from single-celled to multicellular organisms.
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9.2: Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors - Forms of Signaling
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9.3: Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors - Types of Receptors
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Receptors, either intracellular or cell-surface, bind to specific ligands, which activate numerous cellular processes.
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9.4: Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors - Signaling Molecules
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Signaling molecules are necessary for the coordination of cellular responses by serving as ligands and binding to cell receptors.
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9.5: Propagation of the Cellular Signal - Binding Initiates a Signaling Pathway
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Ligand binding to cell-surface receptors activates the receptor’s intracellular components setting off a signaling pathway or cascade.
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9.6: Propagation of the Cellular Signal - Methods of Intracellular Signaling
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Signaling pathway induction activates a sequence of enzymatic modifications that are recognized in turn by the next component downstream.
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9.7: Response to the Cellular Signal - Termination of the Signal Cascade
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Signal cascades convey signals to the cell through the phosphorylation of molecules by kinases.
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9.8: Response to the Cellular Signal - Cell Signaling and Gene Expression
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Gene expression, vital for cells to function properly, is the process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein.
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9.9: Response to the Cellular Signal - Cell Signaling and Cellular Metabolism
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The rush of adrenaline that leads to greater glucose availability is an example of an increase in metabolism.
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9.10: Response to the Cellular Signal - Cell Signaling and Cell Growth
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Cell growth is promoted by ligands known as growth factors.
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9.11: Response to the Cellular Signal - Cell Signaling and Cell Death
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When a cell is damaged, unnecessary, or dangerous to an organism, a cell can initiate the mechanism for cell death known as apoptosis.
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9.12: Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms - Signaling in Yeast
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Yeasts utilize cell-surface receptors, mating factors, and signaling cascades in order to communicate.
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9.13: Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms - Signaling in Bacteria
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Bacterial signaling allows bacteria to monitor cellular conditions and communicate with each other.