7: Cellular Respiration
- Page ID
- 12488
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
- 7.1: Energy in Living Systems - Transforming Chemical Energy
- Cellular respiration is the process of transforming chemical energy into forms usable by the cell or organism.
- 7.2: Energy in Living Systems - Electrons and Energy
- The transfer of electrons between molecules via oxidation and reduction allows the cell to transfer and use energy for cellular functions.
- 7.3: Energy in Living Systems - ATP in Metabolism
- ATP, produced by glucose catabolized during cellular respiration, serves as the universal energy currency for all living organisms.
- 7.4: Glycolysis - Importance of Glycolysis
- Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism.
- 7.5: Glycolysis - The Energy-Requiring Steps of Glycolysis
- In the first half of glycolysis, energy in the form of two ATP molecules is required to transform glucose into two three-carbon molecules.
- 7.6: Glycolysis - The Energy-Releasing Steps of Glycolysis
- In the second half of glycolysis, energy is released in the form of 4 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules.
- 7.7: Glycolysis - Outcomes of Glycolysis
- One glucose molecule produces four ATP, two NADH, and two pyruvate molecules during glycolysis.
- 7.8: Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle - Breakdown of Pyruvate
- After glycolysis, pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA in order to enter the citric acid cycle.
- 7.9: Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle - Acetyl CoA to CO₂
- The acetyl carbons of acetyl CoA are released as carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle.
- 7.10: Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle - Citric Acid Cycle
- The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that produces two carbon dioxide molecules, one GTP/ATP, and reduced forms of NADH and FADH2.
- 7.11: Oxidative Phosphorylation - Electron Transport Chain
- The electron transport chain uses the electrons from electron carriers to create a chemical gradient that can be used to power oxidative phosphorylation.
- 7.12: Oxidative Phosphorylation - Chemiosmosis and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.
- 7.18: Regulation of Cellular Respiration - Regulatory Mechanisms for Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration can be controlled at each stage of glucose metabolism through various regulatory mechanisms.
- 7.19: Regulation of Cellular Respiration - Control of Catabolic Pathways
- Catabolic pathways are controlled by enzymes, proteins, electron carriers, and pumps that ensure that the remaining reactions can proceed.