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16: The Body's Systems

Last updated

Sep 23, 2021
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- 15.E: Diversity of Animals (Exercises)
- 16.1: Homeostasis and Osmoregulation

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Topic hierarchy

16.1: Homeostasis and Osmoregulation
16.2: Digestive System
One of the challenges in human nutrition is maintaining a balance between food intake, storage, and energy expenditure. Taking in more food energy than is used in activity leads to storage of the excess in the form of fat deposits. The rise in obesity and the resulting diseases like type 2 diabetes makes understanding the role of diet and nutrition in maintaining good health all the more important.
16.3: Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
16.4: Endocrine System
Hormones cause cellular changes by binding to receptors on or in target cells. The number of receptors on a target cell can increase or decrease in response to hormone activity. Hormone levels are primarily controlled through negative feedback, in which rising levels of a hormone inhibit its further release. The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. The anterior pituitary receives signals from the hypothalamus and produces six hormones.
16.5: Musculoskeletal System
16.6: Nervous System
The nervous system is made up of neurons and glia. Neurons are specialized cells that are capable of sending electrical as well as chemical signals. Most neurons contain dendrites, which receive these signals, and axons that send signals to other neurons or tissues. Glia are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that support neuronal development and signaling. There are several types of glia that serve different functions.
16.E: The Body's Systems (Exercises)

Thumbnail: Respiratory system. (CC BY-SA 2.5; Theresa knott via Wikimedia Commons).

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