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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_2e_(OpenStax)/05%3A_Unit_V-_Biological_Diversity/5.05%3A_Seedless_Plants/5.5.05%3A_Seedless_Vascular_PlantsThe vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. More than 260,000 species of tracheophytes represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Seve...The vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. More than 260,000 species of tracheophytes represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Several evolutionary innovations explain their success and their ability to spread to all habitats.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Norco_College/OpenStax_Biology_2e_for_Norco_College/25%3A_Seedless_Plants/25.05%3A_Seedless_Vascular_PlantsThe vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. More than 260,000 species of tracheophytes represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Seve...The vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. More than 260,000 species of tracheophytes represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Several evolutionary innovations explain their success and their ability to spread to all habitats.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Evergreen_Valley_College/BIO_Majors_4A_4B_Lab_Manual_2023/28%3A_Plant_Growth/28.02%3A_ExerciseEach of these secondary meristems divides in two directions to form a different secondary tissue to the inside and outside of the meristematic layer, respective to the center of the plant. As the stem...Each of these secondary meristems divides in two directions to form a different secondary tissue to the inside and outside of the meristematic layer, respective to the center of the plant. As the stem matures, these dead cells become separated from the living cells and the plant would be unable to direct the transport of materials into and out of the center of the plant. In a mature woody stem, the layers of periderm are referred to as the outer bark and the secondary phloem is the inner bark.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/General_Biology_1e_(OpenStax)/5%3A_Biological_Diversity/25%3A_Seedless_Plants/25.4%3A_Seedless_Vascular_PlantsThe vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. More than 260,000 species of tracheophytes represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Seve...The vascular plants, or tracheophytes, are the dominant and most conspicuous group of land plants. More than 260,000 species of tracheophytes represent more than 90 percent of Earth’s vegetation. Several evolutionary innovations explain their success and their ability to spread to all habitats.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_102_Laboratory_Manual%3A_Biology_of_Plants_and_Animals_(Ray_and_Jones)/01%3A_Chapters/1.10%3A_Chapter_10This page outlines a lab where students engage with plant diversity and anatomy, specifically focusing on angiosperms. Students will learn about key structures like roots, stems, leaves, and plant tis...This page outlines a lab where students engage with plant diversity and anatomy, specifically focusing on angiosperms. Students will learn about key structures like roots, stems, leaves, and plant tissues (xylem, phloem), and distinguish between monocots and eudicots. They will explore leaf anatomy, gas exchange, and photosynthesis, alongside hands-on activities at various stations.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Saint_Mary's_College_Notre_Dame_IN/Foundations_of_Form_and_Function/07%3A_Transport_and_Gas_Exchange/7.03%3A_Xylem_TransportMost plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompa...Most plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic molecules supplied by root cells), but less than 1% of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth. Most of it is lost in transpiration, which serve two useful functions: providing the force for lifting the water up the stems and cools the leaves.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_PlantsThis page details plant biology, focusing on anatomy (tissues, roots, stems, leaves), physiology (xylem, phloem, transpiration, gas exchange), and reproduction (alternation of generations, life cycles...This page details plant biology, focusing on anatomy (tissues, roots, stems, leaves), physiology (xylem, phloem, transpiration, gas exchange), and reproduction (alternation of generations, life cycles, asexual reproduction, self-incompatibility). It also covers plant development, including growth, germination, and flowering, as well as the functions of hormones like auxin and gibberellins.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.02%3A_Plant_Physiology/16.2A%3A_XylemThis page discusses how plants absorb water and nutrients through their roots, which travel to leaves via the xylem, primarily driven by transpiration. This process creates tension that can lead to ca...This page discusses how plants absorb water and nutrients through their roots, which travel to leaves via the xylem, primarily driven by transpiration. This process creates tension that can lead to cavitation. Additionally, it explains root pressure, which can cause sap to ooze from stems, illustrated by the sugar maple's spring behavior.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/16%3A_The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Plants/16.01%3A_Plant_Anatomy/16.1.02%3A_RootsThis page describes the structure and functions of plant roots, detailing components like the root tip, root cap, and areas for elongation and differentiation. It discusses water and mineral uptake, e...This page describes the structure and functions of plant roots, detailing components like the root tip, root cap, and areas for elongation and differentiation. It discusses water and mineral uptake, emphasizing the importance of root hairs and mycorrhizal fungi. Minerals are absorbed actively, often against concentration gradients, while plants utilize inorganic nutrients directly. Organic fertilizers require breakdown for plant use.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/36%3A_Transport_in_Plants/36.03%3A_Xylem_TransportMost plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompa...Most plants secure the water and minerals they need from their roots. The path taken is: soil→roots→stems→leaves soil→roots→stems→leaves. The minerals travel dissolved in the water (often accompanied by various organic molecules supplied by root cells), but less than 1% of the water reaching the leaves is used in photosynthesis and plant growth. Most of it is lost in transpiration, which serve two useful functions: providing the force for lifting the water up the stems and cools the leaves.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Biology_I_and_II/05%3A_Unit_V-_Biological_Diversity/5.09%3A_Plantae/5.9.2%3A_Kingdom_Plantae_-_AdaptationsAs plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. F...As plants adapted to life on land, they had to contend with several challenges in the terrestrial environment, the largest being a lack of easy access to water as compared to an aquatic environment. Four major adaptations are found in all terrestrial plants: the alternation of generations, a sporangium in which the spores are formed, a gametangium that produces haploid cells, and apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots.
