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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/North_Central_State_College/BIOL_1550%3A_Microbiology_(2025)/04%3A_The_Prokaryotic_Cell_-_Bacteria/4.03%3A_Unique_Characteristics_of_Prokaryotic_CellsProkaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that their genetic material is contained in a nucleoid rather than a membrane-bound nucleus. In addition, prokaryotic cells generally lack membrane-bo...Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that their genetic material is contained in a nucleoid rather than a membrane-bound nucleus. In addition, prokaryotic cells generally lack membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells of the same species typically share a similar cell morphology and cellular arrangement. Most prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that helps the organism maintain cellular morphology and protects it against changes in osmotic pressure.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Kaiser)/Unit_1%3A_Introduction_to_Microbiology_and_Prokaryotic_Cell_Anatomy/2%3A_The_Prokaryotic_Cell_-_Bacteria/2.4%3A_Cellular_Components_within_the_Cytoplasm/2.4C%3A_Plasmids_and_TransposonsMany bacteria often contain small nonchromosomal DNA molecules called plasmids. While plasmids are not essential for normal bacterial growth and bacteria may lose or gain them without harm, they can p...Many bacteria often contain small nonchromosomal DNA molecules called plasmids. While plasmids are not essential for normal bacterial growth and bacteria may lose or gain them without harm, they can provide an advantage under certain environmental conditions. Plasmids code for synthesis of a few proteins not coded for by the bacterial chromosome. Transposons (jumping genes) are small pieces of DNA that encode enzymes that enable the transposon to, move from one DNA location to another.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/12%3A_Techniques_of_Molecular_Genetics/12.05%3A_Cloning_DNA_-_Plasmid_VectorsMany bacteria contain extra-chromosomal DNA elements called plasmids. These are usually small (a few 1000 bp), circular, double stranded molecules that replicate independently of the chromosome and c...Many bacteria contain extra-chromosomal DNA elements called plasmids. These are usually small (a few 1000 bp), circular, double stranded molecules that replicate independently of the chromosome and can be present in high copy numbers within a cell. In the wild, plasmids can be transferred between individuals during bacterial mating and are sometimes even transferred between different species. Plasmids often carry genes for pathogenicity and drug-resistance.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PGCC_Microbiology/09%3A_Microbial_Genetics/9.01%3A_Genome_DNA_and_Genes/9.1.02%3A_Plasmids/9.1.2A%3A_Introduction_to_PlasmidsA plasmid is a small DNA molecule that is physically separate from, and can replicate independently of, chromosomal DNA within a cell.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Genetics/Working_with_Molecular_Genetics_(Hardison)/Unit_I%3A_Genes_Nucleic_Acids_Genomes_and_Chromosomes/3%3A_Isolating_and_Analyzing_Genes/3.03%3A_Introduction_of_recombinant_DNA_into_cell_and_replication%3A_VectorsVectors used to move DNA between species, or from the lab bench into a living cell, must meet three requirements: (1) They must be autonomously replicating DNA molecules in the host cell. (2) They m...Vectors used to move DNA between species, or from the lab bench into a living cell, must meet three requirements: (1) They must be autonomously replicating DNA molecules in the host cell. (2) They must contain a selectable marker so cells containing the recombinant DNA can be distinguished from those that do not. (3) They must have an insertion site to accommodate foreign DNA. Usually a unique restriction cleavage site in a nonessential region of the vector DNA.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Universiti_Putra_Malaysia/ESC4103_-_Environmental_Microbiology_(Universiti_Putra_Malaysia)/05%3A_Microbial_Genetics/5.04%3A_PlasmidsA plasmid is a small DNA molecule that is physically separate from, and can replicate independently of, chromosomal DNA within a cell. Plasmids are commonly used to multiply (make many copies of) or ...A plasmid is a small DNA molecule that is physically separate from, and can replicate independently of, chromosomal DNA within a cell. Plasmids are commonly used to multiply (make many copies of) or express particular genes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Principles_of_Biology/01%3A_Chapter_1/11%3A_Cell_Division_-_Binary_Fission_and_Mitosis/11.01%3A_How_DNA_is_arranged_in_a_cellDNA is a working molecule; it must be replicated (copied) when a cell is ready to divide, and it must be “read” to produce the molecules, such as proteins, to carry out the functions of the cell. Thus...DNA is a working molecule; it must be replicated (copied) when a cell is ready to divide, and it must be “read” to produce the molecules, such as proteins, to carry out the functions of the cell. Thus, the DNA for a cell must be packaged in a very ordered way to fit and function within a structure (the cell) that is not visible to the naked eye.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Genetics/Online_Open_Genetics_(Nickle_and_Barrette-Ng)/08%3A_Techniques_of_Molecular_Genetics/8.05%3A_Cloning_DNA_-_Plasmid_VectorsMany bacteria contain extra-chromosomal DNA elements called plasmids. These are usually small (a few 1000 bp), circular, double stranded molecules that replicate independently of the chromosome and c...Many bacteria contain extra-chromosomal DNA elements called plasmids. These are usually small (a few 1000 bp), circular, double stranded molecules that replicate independently of the chromosome and can be present in high copy numbers within a cell. In the wild, plasmids can be transferred between individuals during bacterial mating and are sometimes even transferred between different species. Plasmids often carry genes for pathogenicity and drug-resistance.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Mansfield_University_of_Pennsylvania/BSC_3271%3A_Microbiology_for_Health_Sciences_Sp21_(Kagle)/02%3A_Microbial_Structure/2.03%3A_Unique_Characteristics_of_Prokaryotic_CellsProkaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that their genetic material is contained in a nucleoid rather than a membrane-bound nucleus. In addition, prokaryotic cells generally lack membrane-bo...Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that their genetic material is contained in a nucleoid rather than a membrane-bound nucleus. In addition, prokaryotic cells generally lack membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells of the same species typically share a similar cell morphology and cellular arrangement. Most prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that helps the organism maintain cellular morphology and protects it against changes in osmotic pressure.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/03%3A_The_Cell/3.03%3A_Unique_Characteristics_of_Prokaryotic_CellsProkaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that their genetic material is contained in a nucleoid rather than a membrane-bound nucleus. In addition, prokaryotic cells generally lack membrane-bo...Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in that their genetic material is contained in a nucleoid rather than a membrane-bound nucleus. In addition, prokaryotic cells generally lack membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells of the same species typically share a similar cell morphology and cellular arrangement. Most prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that helps the organism maintain cellular morphology and protects it against changes in osmotic pressure.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/11%3A_Genomics/11.01%3A_Recombinant_DNA_and_Gene_CloningThis page explains the creation and application of recombinant DNA (rDNA) by combining DNA from different sources using enzymes, enabling cloning in organisms like E. coli. It outlines the use of plas...This page explains the creation and application of recombinant DNA (rDNA) by combining DNA from different sources using enzymes, enabling cloning in organisms like E. coli. It outlines the use of plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes for selection.
