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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.04%3A__The_Nitrogen_CycleHuman activity can release nitrogen into the environment by two primary means: the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases different nitrogen oxides, and by the use of artificial fertilizers (which...Human activity can release nitrogen into the environment by two primary means: the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases different nitrogen oxides, and by the use of artificial fertilizers (which contain nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) in agriculture, which are then washed into lakes, streams, and rivers by surface runoff.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_2%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.2%3A_Water_(Hydrologic)_CycleWater reservoirs are the locations where water is stored. (Note that this term can also refer to artificial lakes created by dams.) Water is found as a liquid on the surface (rivers, lakes, oceans) an...Water reservoirs are the locations where water is stored. (Note that this term can also refer to artificial lakes created by dams.) Water is found as a liquid on the surface (rivers, lakes, oceans) and beneath the surface (groundwater), as ice (polar ice caps and glaciers), and as water vapor in the atmosphere.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/02%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.02%3A_Water_(Hydrologic)_CycleThe hydrosphere is the area of Earth where water movement and storage occurs. Water is found as a liquid on the surface (rivers, lakes, oceans) and beneath the surface (groundwater), as ice (polar ice...The hydrosphere is the area of Earth where water movement and storage occurs. Water is found as a liquid on the surface (rivers, lakes, oceans) and beneath the surface (groundwater), as ice (polar ice caps and glaciers), and as water vapor in the atmosphere. Water reservoirs are the locations where water is stored. The hydrologic cycle describes how water moves around the world between different reservoirs and forms.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.05%3A_The_Phosphorus_CycleThe movement of phosphate from the ocean to the land and through the soil is extremely slow, with the average phosphate ion having an oceanic residence time between 20,000 and 100,000 years. Soil and ...The movement of phosphate from the ocean to the land and through the soil is extremely slow, with the average phosphate ion having an oceanic residence time between 20,000 and 100,000 years. Soil and Sustainability and Biogeochemical Cycles and the Flow of Energy in the Earth System from Sustainability: A Comprehensive Foundation by Tom Theis and Jonathan Tomkin, Editors (licensed under CC-BY).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_5%3A_Terrestrial_and_Aquatic_Communities/5.1%3A_Earth's_Biomes/5.1.1%3A_BiogeographyMany forces influence the communities of living organisms present in different parts of the biosphere (all of the parts of Earth inhabited by life). The biosphere extends into the atmosphere (several ...Many forces influence the communities of living organisms present in different parts of the biosphere (all of the parts of Earth inhabited by life). The biosphere extends into the atmosphere (several kilometers above Earth) and into the depths of the oceans. Despite its apparent vastness to an individual human, the biosphere occupies only a minute space when compared to the known universe. Many abiotic forces influence where life can exist and the types of organisms found in the biosphere.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_5%3A_Terrestrial_and_Aquatic_Communities/5.1%3A_Earth's_Biomes/5.1.3%3A_Aquatic_BiomesLike terrestrial biomes, aquatic biomes are influenced by a series of abiotic factors. The aquatic medium—water— has different physical and chemical properties than air, however. Even if the water in ...Like terrestrial biomes, aquatic biomes are influenced by a series of abiotic factors. The aquatic medium—water— has different physical and chemical properties than air, however. Even if the water in a pond or other body of water is perfectly clear (there are no suspended particles), water, on its own, absorbs light. As one descends into a deep body of water, there will eventually be a depth which the sunlight cannot reach.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_2%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.4%3A_The_AtmosphereOn average, the total weight of the atmospheric mass exerts a pressure at sea level of around 1.0 × 10 5 pascals (Pa; or one atmosphere), which is equivalent to 1.0 kg per cm 2 . The density of the at...On average, the total weight of the atmospheric mass exerts a pressure at sea level of around 1.0 × 10 5 pascals (Pa; or one atmosphere), which is equivalent to 1.0 kg per cm 2 . The density of the atmospheric mass is much greater close to the surface and decreases rapidly with increasing altitude.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.02%3A_The_Water_(Hydrologic)_CycleFigure \PageIndex1: Bar charts of the Distribution of Earth’s Water including total global water, fresh water, and surface water and other fresh water and pie charts of water usable by humans an...Figure \PageIndex1: Bar charts of the Distribution of Earth’s Water including total global water, fresh water, and surface water and other fresh water and pie charts of water usable by humans and sources of usable water reveal that only 2.5 percent of water on Earth is fresh water, and less than 1 percent of fresh water is easily accessible to living things.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/20%3A_Biogeochemical_Cycles/20.03%3A__The_Carbon_CycleThe overall effect is that carbon is constantly recycled in the dynamic processes taking place in the atmosphere, at the surface and in the crust of the earth. In 2018, the additional flux of carbon i...The overall effect is that carbon is constantly recycled in the dynamic processes taking place in the atmosphere, at the surface and in the crust of the earth. In 2018, the additional flux of carbon into the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources was estimated to be 36.6 gigatons of carbon (GtC = 1 billion tons of carbon)—a significant disturbance to the natural carbon cycle that had been in balance for several thousand years previously.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/05%3A_Terrestrial_and_Aquatic_Biomes/5.01%3A_BiogeographyMany forces influence the communities of living organisms present in different parts of the biosphere (all of the parts of Earth inhabited by life). The biosphere extends into the atmosphere (several ...Many forces influence the communities of living organisms present in different parts of the biosphere (all of the parts of Earth inhabited by life). The biosphere extends into the atmosphere (several kilometers above Earth) and into the depths of the oceans. Despite its apparent vastness to an individual human, the biosphere occupies only a minute space when compared to the known universe. Many abiotic forces influence where life can exist and the types of organisms found in the biosphere.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/01%3A_Ecology_for_All/02%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.04%3A_The_AtmosphereThe atmosphere, the gaseous layer that surrounds the earth, formed over four billion years ago and is held in place by the attractive forces of gravity. This section is a brief introduction to the lay...The atmosphere, the gaseous layer that surrounds the earth, formed over four billion years ago and is held in place by the attractive forces of gravity. This section is a brief introduction to the layers of the atmosphere and the differences between climate and weather.
