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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/11%3A_Genomics/11.13%3A_MetagenomicsThis page explores microbial genome studies, emphasizing the shortcomings of traditional culturing methods. It describes the advantages of modern sequencing technologies, such as DNA extraction, PCR, ...This page explores microbial genome studies, emphasizing the shortcomings of traditional culturing methods. It describes the advantages of modern sequencing technologies, such as DNA extraction, PCR, and shotgun sequencing, in analyzing complex microbial ecosystems. Examples from diverse environments like the Sargasso Sea and human colon demonstrate how metagenomics uncovers previously unknown microbial diversity and functions.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.02%3A_Cycles_of_Matter_in_the_Biosphere/17.2B%3A_Nitrogen_CycleThis page explains the nitrogen cycle, highlighting the essential role of nitrogen for life. It describes processes such as nitrogen fixation (by bacteria, archaea, and industrial methods), decay (con...This page explains the nitrogen cycle, highlighting the essential role of nitrogen for life. It describes processes such as nitrogen fixation (by bacteria, archaea, and industrial methods), decay (converting organic nitrogen to ammonia), nitrification (ammonia to nitrates), and denitrification (returning nitrogen to the atmosphere), all driven by microorganisms. It also notes that agricultural practices influence these cycles, sometimes causing ecological problems like eutrophication.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.01%3A_Energy_Flow_through_the_Biosphere/17.1C%3A_BiomesThis page discusses various biomes, including their distinct plant communities and climate influences, with eight major types identified: tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, scrub forest, grass...This page discusses various biomes, including their distinct plant communities and climate influences, with eight major types identified: tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, scrub forest, grassland, desert, tropical rain forest, and temperate rain forest. Each biome's characteristics, like the nutrient-poor tropical rain forest and adaptable desert ecosystems, highlight species and environmental interactions.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.01%3A_Energy_Flow_through_the_Biosphere/17.1D%3A_Freshwater_EcosystemsThis page explains that only 3% of the world's water is fresh, largely found in frozen or buried forms. Freshwater ecosystems include the littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones in lakes, each support...This page explains that only 3% of the world's water is fresh, largely found in frozen or buried forms. Freshwater ecosystems include the littoral, limnetic, and profundal zones in lakes, each supporting different life forms and productivity levels. Seasonal changes lead to oxygen mixing in these zones. Rivers and streams typically have higher oxygen levels and rely less on photosynthesis, while oceans have similar zones but different naming conventions.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/24%3A_Ecology/24.03%3A_EcosystemsAn ecosystem is a set of interacting components that form a complex whole including all of its living things and its nonliving environment. The nonliving environment includes abiotic factors such as t...An ecosystem is a set of interacting components that form a complex whole including all of its living things and its nonliving environment. The nonliving environment includes abiotic factors such as temperature, water, sunlight, and minerals in the soil. A community is the biotic part of an ecosystem.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Butte_College/BC%3A_BIOL_2_-_Introduction_to_Human_Biology_(Grewal)/Text/24%3A_Ecology/24.03%3A_EcosystemsAn ecosystem is a set of interacting components that form a complex whole including all of its living things and its nonliving environment. The nonliving environment includes such abiotic factors as t...An ecosystem is a set of interacting components that form a complex whole including all of its living things and its nonliving environment. The nonliving environment includes such abiotic factors as temperature, water, sunlight, and minerals in soil. A community is the biotic part of an ecosystem. It consists of all the populations of all the species that live and interact in the ecosystem. The abiotic and biotic parts of an ecosystem are linked together by flows of energy and cycles of nutrient
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.04%3A_Interactions_between_Species/17.4A%3A_SymbiosisThis page explores various symbiotic relationships, including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, highlighting examples such as the interaction between legumes and bacteria, barnacles on whales, ...This page explores various symbiotic relationships, including mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, highlighting examples such as the interaction between legumes and bacteria, barnacles on whales, and the myxoma virus's effect on rabbits. It discusses the bacterium M. leprae, its impact on leprosy, and its evolutionary relationship to M. tuberculosis.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_EcologyThis page explores ecology, emphasizing relationships between organisms and their environments. It covers key topics like biodiversity, population dynamics, ecosystem processes (energy flow, nutrient ...This page explores ecology, emphasizing relationships between organisms and their environments. It covers key topics like biodiversity, population dynamics, ecosystem processes (energy flow, nutrient cycling), food chains, biomes, and biogeochemical cycles. Additionally, it addresses pollution and species interactions, including symbiosis and pest control methods.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/17%3A_Ecology/17.01%3A_Energy_Flow_through_the_Biosphere/17.1A%3A_Ecosystem_ProductivityThis page discusses the energy availability in tropical regions, where daily energy received is 8,000 to 10,000 kilocalories per square meter, with only 2.2% trapped by plants. Net productivity indica...This page discusses the energy availability in tropical regions, where daily energy received is 8,000 to 10,000 kilocalories per square meter, with only 2.2% trapped by plants. Net productivity indicates energy stored post-respiration, showing variances among ecosystems such as tropical rainforests at 15,000 kcal/m²/year. Humans utilize about 20% of this net productivity for resources, and activities like urban development and deforestation diminish global productivity.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/06%3A_Ecology/6.02%3A_EcosystemsAdd in the nonliving aspects of the area, such as the water, and you have an ecosystem. Both the lake and log contain a variety of species that interact with each other and with abiotic factors. It in...Add in the nonliving aspects of the area, such as the water, and you have an ecosystem. Both the lake and log contain a variety of species that interact with each other and with abiotic factors. It includes all the ways that the species interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. Two important aspects of a species’ niche are the food it eats and how the food is obtained. The habitat is the physical environment in which a species lives and to which it is adapted.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/05%3A_DNA/5.15%3A_Metagenomics_-_Exploring_the_Microbial_WorldThis page explores advancements in metagenomics focused on unexplored microbial ecosystems, utilizing DNA sequencing technologies for microbial analysis. It highlights techniques like 16S rDNA and sho...This page explores advancements in metagenomics focused on unexplored microbial ecosystems, utilizing DNA sequencing technologies for microbial analysis. It highlights techniques like 16S rDNA and shotgun sequencing to uncover diverse organisms and their functions, including antibiotic resistance and enzyme production.
