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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Map%3A_Raven_Biology_12th_Edition/12%3A_Patterns_of_Inheritance/12.05%3A__Crossing_Techniques_Used_in_Classical_GeneticsMendel also invented several testing and analysis techniques still used today. Classical genetics is the science of solving biological questions using controlled matings of model organisms. It began w...Mendel also invented several testing and analysis techniques still used today. Classical genetics is the science of solving biological questions using controlled matings of model organisms. It began with Mendel in 1865 but did not take off until Thomas Morgan began working with fruit flies in 1908. Later, starting with Watson and Crick’s structure of DNA in 1953, classical genetics was joined by molecular genetics, the science of solving biological questions using DNA, RNA, and proteins isolated
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Supplemental_Modules_(Molecular_Biology)/Cloning_and_stem_cellsCloning (in this context) involves growing a new organism from a single cell of an old organism. In part, this requires that the cell used for cloning be able to revert to the "primitive" state typica...Cloning (in this context) involves growing a new organism from a single cell of an old organism. In part, this requires that the cell used for cloning be able to revert to the "primitive" state typical of an egg cell -- able to replicate and differentiate. This is particularly a challenge if the cell used for cloning is already differentiated.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/11%3A_Genomics/11.01%3A_Recombinant_DNA_and_Gene_CloningThis page explains the creation and application of recombinant DNA (rDNA) by combining DNA from different sources using enzymes, enabling cloning in organisms like E. coli. It outlines the use of plas...This page explains the creation and application of recombinant DNA (rDNA) by combining DNA from different sources using enzymes, enabling cloning in organisms like E. coli. It outlines the use of plasmids with antibiotic resistance genes for selection.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Bruslind)/18%3A_Genetic_EngineeringGenetic engineering is the deliberate manipulation of DNA, using techniques in the laboratory to alter genes in organisms. Even if the organisms being altered are not microbes, the substances and tech...Genetic engineering is the deliberate manipulation of DNA, using techniques in the laboratory to alter genes in organisms. Even if the organisms being altered are not microbes, the substances and techniques used are often taken from microbes and adapted for use in more complex organisms.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/South_Texas_College_-_Biology_for_Non-Majors/12%3A_Biotechnology/12.01%3A_Cloning_and_Genetic_EngineeringNucleic acids can be isolated from cells for the purposes of further analysis by breaking open the cells and enzymatically destroying all other major macromolecules. Fragmented or whole chromosomes ca...Nucleic acids can be isolated from cells for the purposes of further analysis by breaking open the cells and enzymatically destroying all other major macromolecules. Fragmented or whole chromosomes can be separated on the basis of size by gel electrophoresis. DNA can be cut (and subsequently re-spliced together) using restriction enzymes. The molecular and cellular techniques of biotechnology allow researchers to genetically engineer organisms, modifying them to achieve desirable traits.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Cosumnes_River_College/Contemporary_Biology_(Aptekar)/07%3A_Molecular_Biology_and_Biotechnology/7.06%3A_Cloning_and_Genetic_EngineeringNucleic acids can be isolated from cells for the purposes of further analysis by breaking open the cells and enzymatically destroying all other major macromolecules. Fragmented or whole chromosomes ca...Nucleic acids can be isolated from cells for the purposes of further analysis by breaking open the cells and enzymatically destroying all other major macromolecules. Fragmented or whole chromosomes can be separated on the basis of size by gel electrophoresis. DNA can be cut (and subsequently re-spliced together) using restriction enzymes. The molecular and cellular techniques of biotechnology allow researchers to genetically engineer organisms, modifying them to achieve desirable traits.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Introduction_to_Genetics/04%3A_Mendelian_Genetics/4.04%3A_Punnett_Squares_and_Test_CrossesMendel also invented several testing and analysis techniques still used today. Classical genetics is the science of solving biological questions using controlled matings of model organisms. It began w...Mendel also invented several testing and analysis techniques still used today. Classical genetics is the science of solving biological questions using controlled matings of model organisms. It began with Mendel in 1865 but did not take off until Thomas Morgan began working with fruit flies in 1908. Later, starting with Watson and Crick’s structure of DNA in 1953, classical genetics was joined by molecular genetics, the science of solving biological questions using DNA, RNA, and proteins isolated
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/Bio_11A_-_Introduction_to_Biology_I/18%3A_DNA_Technologies/18.05%3A_CloningIn a bacterial cell, the fragment of DNA from the human genome (or another organism that is being studied) is referred to as foreign DNA to differentiate it from the DNA of the bacterium (the host DNA...In a bacterial cell, the fragment of DNA from the human genome (or another organism that is being studied) is referred to as foreign DNA to differentiate it from the DNA of the bacterium (the host DNA). This is known as a palindrome. (b) The restriction enzyme makes breaks in the DNA strands, and (c) the cut in the DNA results in “sticky ends”. Another piece of DNA cut on either end by the same restriction enzyme could attach to these sticky ends and be inserted into the gap made by this cut.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Clinton_College/BIO_300%3A_Introduction_to_Genetics_(Neely)/04%3A_Inheritance/4.02%3A__Mendelian_Genetics/4.2.01%3A_Monohybrid_Crosses_and_SegregationMendel also invented several testing and analysis techniques still used today. Classical genetics is the science of solving biological questions using controlled matings of model organisms. It began w...Mendel also invented several testing and analysis techniques still used today. Classical genetics is the science of solving biological questions using controlled matings of model organisms. It began with Mendel in 1865 but did not take off until Thomas Morgan began working with fruit flies in 1908. Later, starting with Watson and Crick’s structure of DNA in 1953, classical genetics was joined by molecular genetics, the science of solving biological questions using DNA, RNA, and proteins isolated
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Biology_(Kimball)/11%3A_Genomics/11.02%3A_Polymerase_Chain_ReactionThis page describes the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a rapid DNA cloning method that involves synthesizing primers, heat-induced strand separation, and polymerization with heat-stable DNA polymera...This page describes the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a rapid DNA cloning method that involves synthesizing primers, heat-induced strand separation, and polymerization with heat-stable DNA polymerase. Each cycle doubles the DNA amount, enabling exponential amplification, which can produce billions of copies quickly through automation. PCR is effective for analyzing limited DNA samples but is sensitive to contamination.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Folsom_Lake_College/BIOL_310%3A_General_Biology_(Wada)/05%3A_DNA_DNA_Technology/5.02%3A_Biotechnology/5.2.01%3A_Cloning_and_Genetic_EngineeringNucleic acids can be isolated from cells for the purposes of further analysis by breaking open the cells and enzymatically destroying all other major macromolecules. Fragmented or whole chromosomes ca...Nucleic acids can be isolated from cells for the purposes of further analysis by breaking open the cells and enzymatically destroying all other major macromolecules. Fragmented or whole chromosomes can be separated on the basis of size by gel electrophoresis. DNA can be cut (and subsequently re-spliced together) using restriction enzymes. The molecular and cellular techniques of biotechnology allow researchers to genetically engineer organisms, modifying them to achieve desirable traits.
