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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/02%3A_Principles_of_Ecology_-_Gettysburg_College_ES_211/09%3A_Species_Interactions/9.02%3A_Theory_of_Interactions/9.2.01%3A_Dynamics_of_two_Interacting_SpeciesHere parameter r is the “intrinsic growth rate” of the species— the net rate at which new individuals are introduced to the population when the population is vanishingly sparse, and s is a “density de...Here parameter r is the “intrinsic growth rate” of the species— the net rate at which new individuals are introduced to the population when the population is vanishingly sparse, and s is a “density dependence” parameter that reflects how the size of the population affects the overall rate. The more predators there are, however, the more prey are captured; hence the lower the growth rate of the prey, as shown on the left of the figure.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Book%3A_Quantitative_Ecology_-_A_New_Unified_Approach_(Lehman_Loberg_and_Clark)/08%3A_Theory_of_Interactions/8.01%3A_Dynamics_of_two_Interacting_SpeciesHere parameter r is the “intrinsic growth rate” of the species— the net rate at which new individuals are introduced to the population when the population is vanishingly sparse, and s is a “density de...Here parameter r is the “intrinsic growth rate” of the species— the net rate at which new individuals are introduced to the population when the population is vanishingly sparse, and s is a “density dependence” parameter that reflects how the size of the population affects the overall rate. The more predators there are, however, the more prey are captured; hence the lower the growth rate of the prey, as shown on the left of the figure.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Book%3A_Quantitative_Ecology_-_A_New_Unified_Approach_(Lehman_Loberg_and_Clark)/15%3A_Theory_of_Disease/15.01%3A_New_terminologyBasic reproductive number: In an otherwise uninfected population, how many new infections an infected individual is expected to produce during the duration of the infection. Often symbolized as \(R_0\...Basic reproductive number: In an otherwise uninfected population, how many new infections an infected individual is expected to produce during the duration of the infection. Often symbolized as \(R_0\) in disease equations, and pronounced “are not.” This is a crucial number; if \(R_0\) is greater than 1, the disease will spread through the population, while if \(R_0\) is less than 1, the disease will die out.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Book%3A_Quantitative_Ecology_-_A_New_Unified_Approach_(Lehman_Loberg_and_Clark)/03%3A_A_Basic_Population_Model/3.01%3A_Characterizing_populationsOr, instead of individuals, it may be more reasonable to consider total biomass— the total weight of all individuals in the population combined. For example, the number of trees may not be as importan...Or, instead of individuals, it may be more reasonable to consider total biomass— the total weight of all individuals in the population combined. For example, the number of trees may not be as important as their total weight, or the total area of their canopy. Additional properties that can be taken into account include the age structure—the portions of the population of various ages, and the size structure—the portions of the population of various sizes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Book%3A_Quantitative_Ecology_-_A_New_Unified_Approach_(Lehman_Loberg_and_Clark)/12%3A_Predator_and_Prey/12.08%3A_Effects_of_SpaceIn predator–prey systems, especially in confined areas, the predator tends to capture all the prey and then starve, so the systems “crash.” But over large areas it is conceivable that a predator can c...In predator–prey systems, especially in confined areas, the predator tends to capture all the prey and then starve, so the systems “crash.” But over large areas it is conceivable that a predator can completely wipe out its prey in one area and not go extinct, because it can simply move to another area where the prey still exist. The populations he set up would commonly crash and go extinct, with the Didinium eating all the Paramecia and then finding themselves without food.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Book%3A_Quantitative_Ecology_-_A_New_Unified_Approach_(Lehman_Loberg_and_Clark)/14%3A_Humans_as_Prey/14.02%3A_PortalsAnd a new exit portal has recently appeared in the form of boats and trailers that carry invasive weeds and animals from one pond and deposit them in another. Animals must also eat frequently and peri...And a new exit portal has recently appeared in the form of boats and trailers that carry invasive weeds and animals from one pond and deposit them in another. Animals must also eat frequently and periodically, so exploiting the oral pathway—leaving through urine and feces and getting back through the alimentary canal—is another reliable path, at least under conditions in the wild or with animals that live on and eat grass (Figure 14.0.1, right).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/02%3A_Principles_of_Ecology_-_Gettysburg_College_ES_211/09%3A_Species_Interactions/9.03%3A_The_Diversity_of_Interactions/9.3.06%3A_DefenseOthers species benefit from complex deception to keep predators away, such as the harmless clear-winged moth colored to look anything but harmless (next to right), and an edible caterpillar in disguis...Others species benefit from complex deception to keep predators away, such as the harmless clear-winged moth colored to look anything but harmless (next to right), and an edible caterpillar in disguise with a viper-like tail (right). The grasshopper’s head is downward and its tail is upward and slightly to the left, with one antenna and one leg clearly visible once you see them.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Book%3A_Quantitative_Ecology_-_A_New_Unified_Approach_(Lehman_Loberg_and_Clark)/09%3A_Embodied_by_Natural_Selection/9.06%3A_DefenseOthers species benefit from complex deception to keep predators away, such as the harmless clear-winged moth colored to look anything but harmless (next to right), and an edible caterpillar in disguis...Others species benefit from complex deception to keep predators away, such as the harmless clear-winged moth colored to look anything but harmless (next to right), and an edible caterpillar in disguise with a viper-like tail (right). The grasshopper’s head is downward and its tail is upward and slightly to the left, with one antenna and one leg clearly visible once you see them.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Book%3A_Quantitative_Ecology_-_A_New_Unified_Approach_(Lehman_Loberg_and_Clark)/18%3A_Higher-order_models
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ecology/Book%3A_Quantitative_Ecology_-_A_New_Unified_Approach_(Lehman_Loberg_and_Clark)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/20%3A_GlossaryExample and Directions Words (or words that have the same definition) The definition is case sensitive (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pag...Example and Directions Words (or words that have the same definition) The definition is case sensitive (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] (Optional) Caption for Image (Optional) External or Internal Link (Optional) Source for Definition "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") The infamous double helix CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen Glossary Entries Definition Image Caption Sample Word 1 Sample Definition 1
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Gettysburg_College/02%3A_Principles_of_Ecology_-_Gettysburg_College_ES_211/09%3A_Species_Interactions/9.02%3A_Theory_of_Interactions/9.2.03%3A_Summary_of_interactionsIn summary, based on the effects of each population on the other, two species can interact mainly in three different ways, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). Sandwiched between the boxes above are ...In summary, based on the effects of each population on the other, two species can interact mainly in three different ways, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). Sandwiched between the boxes above are special cases where one of the interaction terms is zero, or very close to zero. These are called “commensalism,” when one parameter is positive and the other is zero, or “amensalism,” when one parameter is negative and the other is zero.
