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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/02%3A_Markers_and_SequencingOther limitations of isozymes as markers include: (i) data complexity as a result of dimers or multimers of the enzymes; (ii) multi-allelic and multi-locus systems can make interpretation of the bandi...Other limitations of isozymes as markers include: (i) data complexity as a result of dimers or multimers of the enzymes; (ii) multi-allelic and multi-locus systems can make interpretation of the banding patterns difficult; (iii) the system is limited to those enzymes that can be detected in situ, resulting in a narrow coverage of the genome; (iv) relatively few biochemical assays are available to detect isozymes; and (v) the assay is based on a phenotype, and thus sensitive to the environment.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/01%3A_Molecular_Plant_Breeding_ConceptsIn general, marker-assisted plant breeding involves (1) marker-assisted selection (MAS), where a marker is associated with a trait of interest; (2) marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) to recover the r...In general, marker-assisted plant breeding involves (1) marker-assisted selection (MAS), where a marker is associated with a trait of interest; (2) marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) to recover the recurrent parent with a trait of interest; (3) marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) for quantitative trait loci (QTL) using a panel of polymorphic markers that are linked to the QTL of interest, and (4) genomic prediction of line, more generally genotype or population performance.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/10%3A_Biotechnological_Tools_for_Broadening_Genetic_VariationChoice of parents of complementing parents (Table 1) is a critical task because it predetermines the result of the next phases in the breeding process and the allocation of resources in the breeding p...Choice of parents of complementing parents (Table 1) is a critical task because it predetermines the result of the next phases in the breeding process and the allocation of resources in the breeding program. Usefulness relates to a cross for line development and is defined as the sum of the population mean of all possible lines obtained from a cross in the absence of selection plus the predicted gain from selection.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/San_Diego_State_University/BT@SDSU/02%3A_Resources_and_Reading_Materials/2.04%3A_Genetics_Agriculture_and_Biotechnology_(Suza_and_Lee)/2.4.10%3A_10_-_Genetic_PathwaysIn a regulatory pathway, some type of stimulus leads to a change in the expression or activity of a particular gene product, which in turn acts to alter the expression or activity of another gene prod...In a regulatory pathway, some type of stimulus leads to a change in the expression or activity of a particular gene product, which in turn acts to alter the expression or activity of another gene product or products, which in turn could regulate yet another level of activity.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/San_Diego_State_University/BT@SDSU/02%3A_Resources_and_Reading_Materials/2.04%3A_Genetics_Agriculture_and_Biotechnology_(Suza_and_Lee)/2.4.08%3A_Gene_Expression-_Applied_Example_(Part_2)This lesson describes how changes in the DNA sequence of a gene can alter the synthesis of a protein and thus influence traits such as herbicide resistance. In this lesson we will describe how ...This lesson describes how changes in the DNA sequence of a gene can alter the synthesis of a protein and thus influence traits such as herbicide resistance. In this lesson we will describe how changes in the gene can alter the gene expression process and influence traits in an organism. The specific example of ALS-inhibitor herbicide resistance is used to demonstrate the impact of genetic change on trait expression in a plant.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Ohio_State_University/Ohio_State_University_SP22%3A_Molecular_Genetics_4606_(Chamberlin)/09%3A_Genetic_Pathways/9.01%3A_Genetic_PathwaysIn a regulatory pathway, some type of stimulus leads to a change in the expression or activity of a particular gene product, which in turn acts to alter the expression or activity of another gene prod...In a regulatory pathway, some type of stimulus leads to a change in the expression or activity of a particular gene product, which in turn acts to alter the expression or activity of another gene product or products, which in turn could regulate yet another level of activity.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Ohio_State_University/Ohio_State_University_SP22%3A_Molecular_Genetics_4606_(Chamberlin)/02%3A_Mitosis_and_Meiosis/2.03%3A_Mitosis_and_MeiosisWhen the chromosomes arrive at the center of the cell at metaphase I, the two tetrads may be aligned so that the ‘E’ and ‘B’ genes move to one cell and the ‘e’ and ‘b’ genes move to the other during t...When the chromosomes arrive at the center of the cell at metaphase I, the two tetrads may be aligned so that the ‘E’ and ‘B’ genes move to one cell and the ‘e’ and ‘b’ genes move to the other during the first division. In the other half of the cells that go through meiosis, the tetrads will line up so that the ‘E’ genes will be passed on with the ‘b’ genes and the ‘e’ genes will go with the ‘B’ genes.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Sandboxes/admin/Molecular_Plant_Breeding_(Suza_and_Lamkey)/08%3A_Genome_ConstructionDespite the upward trend in crop yields in the US and other parts of the world, rising human and animal populations will pose a greater demand for more to be produced per unit of land. For example, a ...Despite the upward trend in crop yields in the US and other parts of the world, rising human and animal populations will pose a greater demand for more to be produced per unit of land. For example, a plant breeding goal may have two objectives, 1) selection and fixation of desirable genes at a set of loci controlling a trait of interest, and 2) keeping genetic variability at the remaining loci to retain adaptability.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Genetics/Genetics_Agriculture_and_Biotechnology_(Suza_and_Lee)/01%3A_Chapters/1.05%3A_Gene_Expression-_TranscriptionOrganisms such as plants and animals have tens of thousands of genes. The impact that a single gene’s information can have on an organism, however, is tremendous. Furthermore, organisms have all their...Organisms such as plants and animals have tens of thousands of genes. The impact that a single gene’s information can have on an organism, however, is tremendous. Furthermore, organisms have all their genes in each of their cells, but they only need to use the information from a subset of these genes, depending on the type of cell and the cell’s stage of development. Therefore, the key to gene function is controlling its expression.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Genetics/Genetics_Agriculture_and_Biotechnology_(Suza_and_Lee)/01%3A_Chapters/1.11%3A_Recombinant_DNA_TechnologyRecombinant DNA (rDNA) technology has resulted in breakthroughs in crop and animal biotechnology. The power of rDNA technology comes from our ability to study and modify gene function by manipulating ...Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology has resulted in breakthroughs in crop and animal biotechnology. The power of rDNA technology comes from our ability to study and modify gene function by manipulating genes and transform them into cells of plant and animals. To arrive at this several tools of molecular biology are used including, DNA isolation and analysis, molecular cloning, quantification of gene expression, and many others.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Genetics/Genetics_Agriculture_and_Biotechnology_(Suza_and_Lee)/01%3A_Chapters/1.07%3A_Gene_Expression-_Applied_Example_(Part_1)The promoter is the on/off switch of the gene, the coding region determines the amino acids sequence of the protein that will get made and the termination sequence signals where the gene information e...The promoter is the on/off switch of the gene, the coding region determines the amino acids sequence of the protein that will get made and the termination sequence signals where the gene information ends. In the case of our ALS protein, the assembly of all 667 amino acids into the polypeptide or protein chain in the correct order is important because the sequence of the amino acids determines how the protein folds.
