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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Bakersfield_College/Introduction_to_Environmental_Science/09%3A_Climate_Change/9.02%3A_Prehistoric_Climate_Change_and_Proxys_for_Studying_Past_ClimatesOver Earth history, the climate has changed a lot. For example, during the Mesozoic Era, the Age of Dinosaurs, the climate was much warmer and carbon dioxide was abundant in the atmosphere. However, t...Over Earth history, the climate has changed a lot. For example, during the Mesozoic Era, the Age of Dinosaurs, the climate was much warmer and carbon dioxide was abundant in the atmosphere. However, throughout the Cenozoic Era (65 Million years ago to today), the climate has been gradually cooling. This section summarizes some of these major past climate changes and how scientists study past climate change.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Bakersfield_College/Introduction_to_Environmental_Science/13%3A_Geology/13.04%3A_Geologic_Hazards/13.4.02%3A_VolcanoesHeavy typhoon rains that hit the island at the same time added to the weight of the tephra, leading to the collapse of thousands of roofs and to at least 300 of the 700 deaths attributed to the erupti...Heavy typhoon rains that hit the island at the same time added to the weight of the tephra, leading to the collapse of thousands of roofs and to at least 300 of the 700 deaths attributed to the eruption.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Pittsburgh/Environmental_Science_(Whittinghill)/13%3A_Agriculture/13.07%3A_Sustainable_AgricultureSustainable agriculture means an integrated system of plant and animal production practices that can be continued indefinitely because they do not degrade the environment or deplete natural resources....Sustainable agriculture means an integrated system of plant and animal production practices that can be continued indefinitely because they do not degrade the environment or deplete natural resources. It incorporates integrated pest management and sustainable methods for promoting soil fertility. Organic agriculture abstains from using synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, hormones, and antibiotics. Consumer choices can promote sustainable agriculture.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Bakersfield_College/Introduction_to_Environmental_Science/07%3A_Conservation_BiologyBiodiversity, the variety of life on Earth, is key for providing ecosystem services, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and a source of pharmaceuticals, but it is threatened by human activities. T...Biodiversity, the variety of life on Earth, is key for providing ecosystem services, such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and a source of pharmaceuticals, but it is threatened by human activities. These result in habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, the spread of invasive species, and climate change. The field of conservation biology strives to protect biodiversity.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Pittsburgh/Environmental_Science_(Whittinghill)/03%3A_Matter_Energy_Life/3.01%3A_EnergyVirtually every task performed by living organisms requires energy. Nutrients and other molecules are imported into the cell to meet these energy demands. For example, energy is required for the synth...Virtually every task performed by living organisms requires energy. Nutrients and other molecules are imported into the cell to meet these energy demands. For example, energy is required for the synthesis and breakdown of molecules, as well as the transport of molecules into and out of cells. In addition, processes such as ingesting and breaking down food, exporting wastes and toxins, and movement of the cell all require energy.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Pittsburgh/Environmental_Science_(Whittinghill)/13%3A_Agriculture/13.01%3A_Food_SecurityPoverty—not food availability—is the major driver of food insecurity. In 2019, 8.9% of the world population were undernourished (lacked sufficient calories). Food security is dependent on availability...Poverty—not food availability—is the major driver of food insecurity. In 2019, 8.9% of the world population were undernourished (lacked sufficient calories). Food security is dependent on availability, access, and utilization. Undernourishment, malnutrition (lack of essential vitamins and minerals), and obesity, all threaten global health.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Pittsburgh/Environmental_Science_(Whittinghill)/12%3A_Water_Supply_and_Water_Pollution
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Pittsburgh/Environmental_Science_(Whittinghill)/08%3A_Atmosphere_and_Air_Pollution/8.03%3A_Atmospheric_and_Ocean_CirculationThe cold air that descends at the poles moves over the Earth’s surface towards the equator, and by about 60 o latitude it begins to rise, creating a Polar Cell between 60 o and 90 o . Between 30 o and...The cold air that descends at the poles moves over the Earth’s surface towards the equator, and by about 60 o latitude it begins to rise, creating a Polar Cell between 60 o and 90 o . Between 30 o and 60 o lie the Ferrel Cells, composed of sinking air at 30 o and rising air at 60 o (Figure \PageIndex3).
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Pittsburgh/Environmental_Science_(Whittinghill)/05%3A_Cycling_of_Matter_in_the_Earth_System/5.01%3A_Introduction_-_Systems_Cycles_Reservoirs_and_FluxesThinking about the Earth as a system has become, in recent years, much in vogue.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Pittsburgh/Environmental_Science_(Whittinghill)/08%3A_Atmosphere_and_Air_Pollution/8.02%3A_Earth's_Energy_BalanceEarth’s temperature depends on the balance between energy entering and leaving the planet. When incoming energy from the sun is absorbed, Earth warms. When energy is released from Earth into space, th...Earth’s temperature depends on the balance between energy entering and leaving the planet. When incoming energy from the sun is absorbed, Earth warms. When energy is released from Earth into space, the planet cools. Many factors, both natural and human, can cause changes in Earth’s energy balance, including changes in greenhouse gasses; variations in the sun’s energy reaching Earth; and changes in the reflectivity of Earth’s atmosphere and surface.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Workbench/General_Ecology_Ecology/Chapter_2%3A_The_Physical_Environment/2.3%3A_SoilsSoil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ ...Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ in proportions of clay, silt, and sand. A soil profile is characterized by horizontal layers called horizons. Climate, organisms, topography, parent material, and time influence soil composition and formation.
