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- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/West_Los_Angeles_College/Biotechnology/04%3A_Genetic_Engineering_and_Recombinant_DNA_Technology/4.01%3A_Principles_of_Genetic_EngineeringGenetic engineering is at the heart of biotechnology. Through the manipulation of an organism's DNA in the laboratory, researchers can add, remove, or change specific genes in an organism, producing ...Genetic engineering is at the heart of biotechnology. Through the manipulation of an organism's DNA in the laboratory, researchers can add, remove, or change specific genes in an organism, producing highly desired traits. This page summarizes the major principles and tools of genetic engineering, in addition to outlining the foundational technique of cloning genes into plasmids and the production of recombinant plasmids.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/West_Los_Angeles_College/Biotechnology/03%3A_Molecular_Biology_Fundamentals/3.03%3A_Transcription_of_RNAThe expression of genes by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells begins with the step known as transcription. This page covers the process of transcription, along with the multiple types of RNA produced th...The expression of genes by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells begins with the step known as transcription. This page covers the process of transcription, along with the multiple types of RNA produced through this process. Special emphasis is given to messenger RNA (mRNA), including the modifications needed to produce this type of RNA.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(Boundless)/07%3A_Microbial_Genetics/7.05%3A_RNA_Synthesis_-_Transcription/7.5B%3A_The_Promoter_and_the_Transcription_MachineryWhen transcription factors bind to the promoter region, RNA polymerase is placed in an orientation that allows transcription to begin.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_and_Easy_(Ahern_and_Rajagopal)/05%3A_Flow_of_Genetic_Information/5.04%3A_Regulation_of_TranscriptionThe processes described above are required whenever any gene is transcribed. But what determines which genes are transcribed at a given time. What are the molecular switches that turn transcription on...The processes described above are required whenever any gene is transcribed. But what determines which genes are transcribed at a given time. What are the molecular switches that turn transcription on or off? The basic mechanism by which transcription is regulated depends on highly specific interactions between transcription regulating proteins and regulatory sequences on DNA. Promoters indicate where transcription begins.
- https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Universiti_Putra_Malaysia/ESC4103_-_Environmental_Microbiology_(Universiti_Putra_Malaysia)/05%3A_Microbial_Genetics/5.05%3A_RNA_Synthesis_-_Transcription/5.5B%3A_The_Promoter_and_the_Transcription_MachineryWhen transcription factors bind to the promoter region, RNA polymerase is placed in an orientation that allows transcription to begin.
