10: Food and Agriculture
- Page ID
- 211269
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 10.1: Food Security
- This page discusses food security, highlighting its dependency on access to healthy food rather than availability alone, with 795 million people experiencing hunger, particularly women facing higher insecurity rates. The four pillars of food security are availability, access, utilization, and stability.
- 10.2: Food and Nutrients
- This page highlights the significance of balanced nutrition, emphasizing the roles of macronutrients and micronutrients in maintaining health. It covers essential food guidelines like MyPyramid and MyPlate, promoting a diverse intake of grains, vegetables, and healthy fats while encouraging reading nutrition labels.
- 10.3: Soil Profiles and Processes
- This page defines soil as essential for plant growth and agriculture, consisting of mineral and organic matter, air, and water. It highlights the five factors influencing soil formation: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, and time. Climate affects soil characteristics, while organisms contribute nutrients. Relief impacts drainage and soil development, and parent material determines soil features.
- 10.4: Soil-Plant Interactions
- This page discusses the importance of soil for plant growth, highlighting its role in providing support, water, nutrients, and oxygen. It notes that while soil can enhance nutrient availability, excessive trace metals and herbicides can be detrimental. The balance of soil components impacts oxygenation and moisture. Essential macronutrients and micronutrients are necessary for plant functions, and their uptake occurs through diffusion and selective absorption by roots.
- 10.5: Industrial Agriculture
- This page highlights the challenges of industrial agriculture, which relies on synthetic inputs and monoculture practices. It emphasizes negative impacts such as environmental pollution, soil degradation, and loss of biodiversity due to pesticide use and irrigation-induced salinization. The reliance on chemicals fosters pesticide resistance in pests and contributes to health risks, particularly in developing countries.
- 10.6: Sustainable Agriculture
- This page covers sustainable agriculture as outlined by the 1990 Farm Bill, emphasizing practices that satisfy human needs while promoting environmental quality and economic sustainability. It highlights organic farming, biodiversity, and ecological methods like Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Strategies such as intercropping, crop rotation, and no-till farming are discussed for their roles in enhancing soil health and minimizing pest problems.
- 10.7: Data Dive- Landslides and Ag Terraces
- This page examines the effects of terraced agriculture on landscape and habitat, referencing a 2019 study that evaluated landslide risks in various terraced areas. It categorizes the terraces into succession on terraces, cultivated terraces, and vegetated natural slopes while analyzing post-event landslide damage.