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7.4: Terms

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    Chapter 9 flashcards

    Apomixis A form of clonal reproduction where vegetative cells in the flower develop into zygotes to form seeds.
    Carbohydrates One of the three major types of nutrients found in seeds; provide energy in the form of starch and sugar.
    Coleoptile Protective sheath that covers in the plumule and epicotyl in the Poaceae family.
    Coleorhiza Protective sheath that covers the radicle in the Poaceae family.
    Cotyledon Food storage structure used in germination.
    Dormant/dormancy Term used when seeds are alive and don’t germinate when provided with favorable conditions for germination.
    Double fertilization Where one haploid male sperm cell fuses with the female haploid egg cell to form the diploid zygote, and the second haploid male sperm cell fuses with two egg cells to form a triploid endosperm.
    Ecodormancy When external factors, usually environmental, prevent a seed from germinating.
    Embryo Nascent (new, young) plant resulting from the combination of genes from the male sperm transmitted by the pollen to the female egg held in an ovule in the ovary.
    Embryo axis Embryonic root and shoot.
    Endodormancy When internal factors within the seed prevent germination.
    Endosperm Tissue that results from the second haploid male sperm cell fusing with two egg cells during fertilization.
    Genotype Genetic composition of an organism.
    Lipids Compact plant oils that store energy; also called triglycerides.
    Pericarp Ripened ovary wall; made-up of three parts: exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.
    Phenotype Physical appearance of an organism.
    Plumule First true leaves of the plant; emerge from the seed, rise above the soil surface, and start to collect energy from the sun.
    Proteins Sources of amino acids for production of enzymes and other nitrogen-rich compounds in the seed.
    Quiescent When a seed does not germinate until given proper conditions for germination (oxygen, water, temperature, and sometimes light).
    Saturated
    fatty ­acids    		 Fatty acids that have no double bonds in the chain with all carbon atoms in the interior of the chain having two attached hydrogen atoms.
    Scarification Process used to break a physical seed dormancy (hard seed coat).
    Seed coat Outer layer of the seed.
    Stratification Process used to break a physiological dormancy, such as embryonic or endo/eco-dormancies.
    Triglycerides Another name for lipids.
    Unsaturated fatty acids Fatty acids that have one or more double bonds between one or more carbon atoms in the chain, lack some hydrogen atoms, and therefore the carbon atoms are not saturated with hydrogen.

    This page titled 7.4: Terms is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Teresa Friedrich Finnern via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.