30.3: Lab Report
Part 1
Squid Dissection
Draw the external anatomy of your squid. Label the listed structures on your drawing and give functions.
- Tentacles
- Arms
- Suction cups
- Beak
- Eyes
- Mantle
- Fins
- Siphon
Draw the internal anatomy of your squid. Label the listed structures on your drawing and give functions.
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Caecum
- Ink sac
- Gills
- Hearts
- Pen
- Brain
-
Eyes: cut open an eye, taking the lens out.
- What shape is the lens?
- How is this lens similar to and different from the lens in the eye of a terrestrial mammal?
- Gonads: is your squid male or female? How can you tell?
- Nidamental gland (if female)
Frog Dissection
Draw the external anatomy of your frog. Label the listed structures on your drawing and give functions.
- Eyes
- Nares
- Tympanum
- Mouth with opening to esophagus and trachea
- Skin - Describe the skin. What do you notice about it? Why is the color and texture the way that it is?
Draw the internal anatomy of your frog. Label the listed structures on your drawing and give functions.
- Liver
- Lungs
- Gallbladder
-
Heart
- Once you have completed your dissection, take the heart out and cut it open. How many chambers does it have?
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Pancreas
- Spleen
- Fat bodies
- Kidneys
- Ovaries or testes
Part 2
Pigeon Dissection
Draw the external anatomy of your pigeon. Label the listed structures on your drawing and give functions.
- Eyes
- Nares
- Beak
- Wings
- Sternum
- Legs
- Feet with claws
- Cloaca
On the legs, note the angle of the joints. Where is the femur located? Where are the knee and ankle joints? Compare bird legs with joints to that of a mammal.
What major anatomical modifications do birds have for flight?
Draw the internal anatomy of your pigeon. Label the listed structures on your drawing and give functions.
- Esophagus
- Proventriculus
- Gizzard
- Intestine
- Pancreas
- Spleen
- Heart
-
Lungs
- How do birds ventilate their lungs?
- Gonads: is your bird male or female? How can you tell?
Rat Dissection
Draw the external anatomy of your rat. Label the listed structures on your drawing and give functions.
- Mouth
- Nose
- Eyes
- Body
- Feet with claws
- Tail
Draw the internal anatomy of your rat. Label the listed structures on your drawing and give functions. You may want to draw multiple internal pictures.
Neck region
- Trachea
- Thymus
- Thyroid
- Esophagus
Thoracic cavity
- Heart
- Lungs
- Bronchi
- Diaphragm
QUESTIONS
- How many chambers does the rat heart have?
- How does the size of the rat lungs compare to the size of the frog lungs you dissected previously?
- What role does the diaphragm play in respiration?
- What cavity contains the lungs?
- What cavity contains the heart?
Abdominal cavity
- Stomach
- Spleen
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Pancreas
- Kidneys
- Bladder
- Testes (male)
- Uterus with horn (female)
- Ovary (female)
QUESTIONS
- What is the function of the liver?
- What is the function of the gallbladder?
- What type of digestion occurs in the stomach?
- Name the three sections of the small intestines in order.
- Name one process that occurs in the large intestine.
- Which digestive organs located in the abdominal cavity are considered to be accessory organs?
The arteries and veins are challenging to identify, especially if the pig is not injected with dye. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins return blood to the heart. Try to identify the following:
- Aorta
- Pulmonary artery
- Coronary arteries
- Jugular vein
- Carotid artery
- Renal artery
- Renal vein
Questions
- Which parts of the nephron are located in the renal cortex?
- Which components of the nephron are located in the medulla?
Label the parts of the nephron on the diagram below and indicate where the different urine production steps occur.
Focus on Filtration
Blood entering the glomerulus contains cells, proteins, glucose, amino acids, salts, urea, and water. Fill in the table below indicating which molecules will leave the glomerulus and enter the Bowman’s capsule. Write yes or no for each and state why based on size (small or big).
| Substance | Enter Bowman’s Capsule? | Why? |
|---|---|---|
| Cells | ||
| Proteins | ||
| Glucose | ||
| Amino acids | ||
| Salts | ||
| Urea | ||
| Water |
Focus on Reabsorption
When the filtrate enters the proximal tubule it contains the following molecules: glucose, water, urea, amino acids, and salts. Water and salts are passively reabsorbed to maintain blood volume and pH as part of homeostasis.
Questions
- What would happen to the blood volume over time if water were not reabsorbed?
- How would this lack of water reabsorption affect blood pressure?
-
The table below has several different events that would impact osmoregulation. Fill in the chart with either “increase” or “decrease” to explain how the kidney would help maintain homeostasis.
Event Change in blood concentration ADH output Water Reabsorption Type of Urine produced Dehydration due to sunbathing in the afternoon and forgetting your water bottle Scant, concentrated Drinking large amounts of water throughout the day Copious, dilute Going to the move theater and eating a large bucket of salty popcorn without water to wash it down Scant, concentrated