2.A: Biological Molecules (Exercises)
- Page ID
- 111920
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Biological Molecules
There are four major classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), and each is an important component of the cell and performs a wide array of functions. Combined, these molecules make up the majority of a cell’s mass. Biological macromolecules are organic, meaning that they contain carbon (with some exceptions, like carbon dioxide).
Multiple Choice
An example of a monosaccharide is ________.
A. fructose
B. glucose
C. galactose
D. all of the above
- Answer
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D
Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.
A. monosaccharides
B. disaccharides
C. lipids
D. polysaccharides
- Answer
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D
Phospholipids are important components of __________.
A. the plasma membrane of cells
B. the ring structure of steroids
C. the waxy covering on leaves
D. the double bond in hydrocarbon chains
- Answer
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A
The monomers that make up proteins are called _________.
A. nucleotides
B. disaccharides
C. amino acids
D. chaperones
- Answer
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C
Free Response
Explain at least three functions that lipids serve in plants and/or animals.
- Answer
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Fat serves as a valuable way for animals to store energy. It can also provide insulation. Phospholipids and steroids are important components of cell membranes.
Explain what happens if even one amino acid is substituted for another in a polypeptide chain. Provide a specific example.
- Answer
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A change in gene sequence can lead to a different amino acid being added to a polypeptide chain instead of the normal one. This causes a change in protein structure and function. For example, in sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin β chain has a single amino acid substitution. Because of this change, the disc-shaped red blood cells assume a crescent shape, which can result in serious health problems.